Shan Hai Jing Thoughts Series Extra: The only ascender in history.
The "Shan Hai Jing" interpretation series, although it is included in this book as a side story, it has nothing to do with this book...
It’s really just a personal interpretation, but when I interpret it, it always diverges far away, and the clues and ideas involve a lot of knowledge.
As for some knowledge points, if they are explained in detail, they will appear bloated, and if they are not explained in detail, I am afraid that you will not know...
So I have to write some extra episodes of the "Shan Hai Jing Interpretation Series"...
Although my interpretation does not use documents other than Shan Hai Jing as evidence, they can be ideas.
The ancient documents are there, and the modern information is so developed, you can search and check if you want to, and then put forward your own opinions.
Based on other people's understanding, his character and political standpoint to judge what he describes, what will be biased. Comparing with the Shan Hai Jing, we can infer which ones in the Shan Hai Jing are fake, and which ones may be the original appearance of the ancient times.
At the same time, by comparing other documents, we can know what kind of evolution a legend has undergone, and in what direction it is evolving, and then inversely deduce what its original appearance may be.
There is no doubt that the ancient documents of the pre-Qin period are the most convincing, while the documents of the Han Dynasty and later are not so credible.
Either a lot of artistic processing was added, or a political purpose was implanted, or it was deleted directly.
Combined with the wars in the past dynasties and the loss of many precious documents, it is too difficult to understand the real situation of the five emperors in ancient times.
Don’t believe in Baidu Encyclopedia, or even completely believe in the collations of various formal channels. The things they organize are only for reference, not real.
Twenty percent, which is in line with the truth thousands of years ago, is not bad.
Because their basis is also obtained from the literature after the Han Dynasty.
The only thing that can be trusted is archaeological relics, that is, physical analysis of ancient remains. But by doing so, we only know the tip of the iceberg.
So, in fact, there is no truth, the truth has long been buried, and we will always only have the "truth" that we understand personally.
Everyone has their own human history in mind. My interpretation may not be accurate, and even some views have been thought of by others.
Closer to home, many people think that Shan Hai Jing is more absurd, so why is what it records more credible?
And it might have been written by people from the Warring States period, not recorded in ancient times.
Why should I consider the Shan Hai Jing to be the most authentic?
First of all, I admit that I love Shan Hai Jing very much. Second, the reason why I firmly insisted is that some of the texts of Shan Hai Jing must have been recorded by people in extremely ancient times, and they were definitely not written in the Warring States Period or even later.
The reason is that the Classic of Mountains and Seas can often overthrow what the officials believed in the Warring States Period and later, and there are cultural relics as evidence.
I read the Classic of Mountains and Seas a long time ago, and the reason why I really began to think that it is a reliable history, at least more reliable than the saying since the Qin and Han Dynasties, was that one day I saw a report on the Sanxingdui Bronze Sacred Tree.
No one has described it in more detail than Shan Hai Jing. Even the "Nine Songs" of the Warring States Period only mentioned that the sun shines in all directions from the Fusang in the east.
It's not like Shan Hai Jing at all. It has long been described that nine days live in the lower branch and one day lives in the upper branch.
When the bronze sacred tree was excavated, only the Book of Mountains and Seas confirmed it.
After this, I frantically searched for other cultural relics and the classics of mountains and seas.
Then it was discovered that Oracle has.
Nearly 70 years ago, the Ministry of Culture obtained a batch of oracle bone inscriptions, which were kept in the National Library of China until today.
Among them is a piece of ox shoulder blade from the period of King Wuding of the Shang Dynasty, engraved with oracle bone inscriptions. The content has been deciphered, offering sacrifices to 'Sifang Division' and 'Sifang Feng'.
"The east is called analysis, the phoenix is called 劦. The south is called Jia, the phoenix is called Kai. The west is called Yi, and the phoenix is called Yi. The north is called 宀...the phoenix is called 伇." Note that because the oracle bone inscriptions are too broken, I don't know what the north is called. I only know that word, there is a '宀'.
This is the "name of the four directions" and "the name of the four directions" written in oracle bone inscriptions during the Shang Dynasty.
Note that Shang Chaofeng does not write Feng characters, but only writes 'Feng', because Yin Shang, like Shaohao Xihe and other countries, worshiped birds, and Feng characters came from Feng characters. The oldest pictogram of Feng is Phoenix. .
Shaohao's totem is a mysterious bird, and Yin Shang's totem is also a mysterious bird. I seriously doubt that they are descendants of Shaohao.
The mysterious bird of destiny descended to give birth to Shang.
If this sentence is translated according to the language habits of Shan Hai Jing, it is actually a mysterious bird businessman.
Similar to "Zhuanxu gave birth to a happy head", the Zhuanxu Kingdom derived the Penguin Kingdom.
So Shaohao, that is, the Xuanniao Kingdom derived the Yin Shang Kingdom. The Yin and Shang Dynasties of the Dongyi system destroyed the Yuxia of the Yanhuang system, which caused huge damage to the civilization of the Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou ruins are full of obvious signs of destruction, and there are almost no intact things. It is conceivable that when the Xia Dynasty perished , many things were completely destroyed.
Exaggerated, then the four winds recorded in oracle bone inscriptions 3,000 years ago, are there any in the Shan Hai Jing?
Of course there is, the format is the same...and more detailed.
"Da Huang Dong Jing": "The east is called analysis, and the wind is called handsome. When you are at the east pole, you can enter and exit the wind."
"Da Huang Nan Jing": "The south is called the cause, and the wind is called the people, and it is located in the Antarctic to enter and exit the wind."
"Da Huang Xi Jing": "There is a man named Shi Yi, and the wind is called Wei, and he is located in the northwest corner to measure the length of the sun and the moon."
"Da Huang Dong Jing": "The north is called, and the wind that comes is called a beast, and it is located in the corner of the east to stop the sun and the moon."
In the end, the north was placed in the east longitude, which should be a mistake made by Liu Xin when he was writing books, or in later generations.
In short, the records of Shan Hai Jing are almost the same as those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Some people may think, which one is it? Wrong a lot okay.
Indeed, Dongfeng oracle bone inscriptions write '劦', and Shan Hai Jing writes 'Jun'. Southern oracle bone inscriptions write "Jia" and "Kai", while Shan Hai Jing writes "Yin" and "Min". There is also the west wind 'Yi', which is written as 'Wei'.
However, the characters in the northern oracle bone inscriptions have been damaged, leaving only one '宀', but the Shan Hai Jing states that it is ''. This character has long been used, but it is actually the character Wan with a bird added to it. It was in line with Dongyi's habits.
In addition, other passages of Shanhaijing have supplemented other passages of Nanfeng Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Kaifeng comes out of his own accord."
That is to say, Shan Hai Jing also believes that the south wind is called Kai Feng.
In short, the mistakes made by Shan Hai Jing can actually be considered as mistakes made by later generations in sorting out and copying.
The ancient book of Mountains and Seas has been lost for a long time, and what I read now is the version that I don’t know how many times it has been copied. Some words have also changed, which is normal.
There is no problem with typos, as long as you are talking about the same thing.
I am afraid of comparison in everything, and you will understand the mistakes made in other literature.
The "Dian Yao" of the Warring States Period has a description of the four directions. It says that Emperor Yao sent people to observe the sky in the east, west, north, south, and north. He was in charge of the four directions and the four seasons. Because of the people, birds and beasts are different." "Juemin Yi, birds and beasts have hair." "Juemin, birds and beasts have hair."
Is it obscure? It's okay, you don't need to understand what it means.
Because the setting of the real ancient Sifang Division and Sifangfeng has long been forgotten by the people of the Warring States Period.
I don’t understand the meaning, so it’s written like this, “taken for granted”.
They were probably very confused when they saw the oracle bone inscriptions left by Yin merchants, "Dongfang said analysis, Feng said 劦".
Because the character for 'feng' in oracle bone inscriptions is 'phoenix', it can be directly interpreted as a bird... and as the name suggests, I think it is about birds and beasts.
The word "劦" looks at the structure, and you know that it means the cooperation of all people, and then as the name implies, it is associated with the meaning of "joint".
So the people of the Warring States combined the previous birds and beasts, and wrote the birds and beasts'tailed'.
The good Sifangsi and Sifangfeng have become Sifangsi in different seasons, the changes of birds and beasts...
Where is the wind? It doesn't matter if you follow suit.
Yao Dian is the first chapter of "Shangshu", a Confucian classic. In the Han Dynasty, its status soared, so Sima Qian chose Yao Dian when writing historical records.
As for the statement of Shan Hai Jing, Sima Qian did not adopt it, saying: 'I dare not say it. '
Therefore, from the Warring States Period to modern times, Yao Dian’s sayings were all orthodox.
Until the last century, the oracle bone inscriptions on the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were deciphered with scientific and systematic pictographic analysis.
Only then did I realize that the orthodoxy has been wrong all along, and Shan Hai Jing is right.
Since the time of Wu Ding carved that paragraph of words on the bone, three thousand years later, only the Classic of Mountains and Seas has completely recorded the ancient Sifangfeng.
Of course, I can wash.
People in the Warring States period did not understand oracle bone inscriptions, they deliberately tampered with them.
Or deliberately grafting, integrating the culture of Yanhuang and Dongyi, and inserting a large amount of Dongyi culture into people of the Yanhuang family such as Emperor Yao.
They did not choose to copy, but took inspiration from Dongyi culture, processed it, and passed it on to Emperor Yao.
Completed national integration, Yanhuang and Dongyi were completely integrated into one.
Dijun became Emperor Ku, Shaohao became the son of the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of Yin Shang was the second son of Di Ku...
I'm not saying it's wrong, the effect is positive.
But whether it is intentional or unintentional.
Objectively speaking, the understanding of ancient times during the Warring States Period was that there was no realism in the Classics of Mountains and Seas, no truth in the Classics of Mountains and Seas, and no honesty in the Classics of Mountains and Seas.
Regarding ancient events, Warring States documents have academic purposes, and Han Dynasty documents have political purposes. for reference only.
It was rumored that someone sent a parrot from the Western Regions during Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
"Shan Hai Jing·Xishan Jing": "There is a bird Yan, which is shaped like an owl, with green feathers and red beak, and a human tongue that can speak, and it is called a parrot."
Although I did not find this record in the official history, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of parrots were introduced and sold.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Mi Heng’s only famous work was an "Ode on Parrots", which chanted this bird that no one has chanted throughout the ages. And pretending to be a parrot, expressing the depression that no one knows his talent.
The name parrot has continued until today.
The names of many animals are different from ancient to modern, but the parrot’s name has never changed. This can prove that after the Shan Hai Jing and before the Han Dynasty, no one had named parrots, and they didn’t know them at all.
It was the people of the Han Dynasty who learned that it was called a parrot from the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and they continued to use it. This made the name unchanged, because there is a common source of the name.
If there is no Classic of Mountains and Seas, people from various places will give parrots different names. When northerners see a parrot, they give it a name. Southerners may choose another name when they see a parrot.
Then in the 21st century, parrots will have many official names.
However, this did not happen, which means that before the Han Dynasty, no one except the contemporary of the author of Shan Hai Jing had ever seen a parrot.
In addition, there are records in the literature that during the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, an ancient stone chamber in Shangjun collapsed, and the image of "reverse binding robbers" was carved on the stone walls inside. No one knew what it meant until Liu Xiang, Liu Xin's father, who was 'revising' the Shan Hai Jing at that time, pointed out that this was a 'minor of two negatives'.
"Hai Nei Xi Jing": "The minister of the second bearer is called Wei. Danger and the second bearer killed Yuyu. The emperor shackled the sparse mountain, shackled his right foot, tied his hands and hair behind him, and tied it to the wood on the mountain. In the northwest of the opening question. "
So, in ancient times, the people of the Han Dynasty knew a hammer...the parrots didn't even know it, but they knew a lot about the Yellow Emperor, Yao and Shun, etc., inexplicably, as if they had seen it with their own eyes.
There are many other examples. All in all, since ancient times, Shan Hai Jing has corresponded to a large number of cultural relics and real things.
Whether it is animals, mountains and rivers, murals, oracle bone inscriptions, or Sanxingdui cultural relics, as well as the Erlitou site, Taosi site, Shimao ancient city that I have not mentioned yet...
A large number of realistic things, more or less, confirm the realism, truthfulness, and honesty of Shan Hai Jing.
The past and present have changed too much, and it is useless to be realistic.
Times are changing too, it really doesn't work.
And she was too honest, so honest that she didn’t praise anyone, didn’t convey any reason, didn’t promote any benevolence and righteousness, and might even run into some bad luck and make some taboos.
It's due to Liu Xin that when he was compiling the book, he cut the Shan Hai Jing by half.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas has always been embarrassing when looking at its status in ancient and modern times. Its content, in the long river of history, is often different from the official orthodoxy.
This is a lonely book, so lonely that no one can prove that what it says is true except for the brilliance that has been buried in the soil.
In almost every article, I have to criticize Liu Xin.
You didn’t know him at first, but you probably know him very well.
I'll say it again, Liu Xin, the great master of Confucianism!
The first person who systematically sorted out the pre-Qin literature, the founder of ancient Chinese classics, was evaluated by the literary circles of all dynasties as the first great man and master in the academic world after Confucius.
I don't deny his contribution, but he is really not objective to academics and has no respect for literature.
The Western Han imperial family’s collection of bamboo slips filled with more than a dozen palaces and warehouses was originally extremely scattered and unsystematic. Countless people couldn’t sort it out for two hundred years. It was Liu Xin who did it all by himself! Organize it into a book so that people can read it.
More than a dozen palaces, sorting out dozens of ancient documents, and making them spread are all thanks to him.
However, Liu Xin also 'lost', more books...
"Shan Hai Jing" is missing 14 articles, "Xunzi" has 322 articles, and only 32 articles remain.
There are three other changes, after him, only Zhou Yi remains.
"Lianshan", "Guizang", these two books, together with "Book of Changes", are collectively called the Three Changes. They are the 'Yi' used by people in the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties for divination and discussion.
'Easy' We all know that it describes various natural phenomena and historical events, using metaphors to convey ideas, teach principles, understand life and evaluate good and bad.
Similar things happened in ancient times, and it turned out to be inauspicious. Then you took this hang and happened to do similar things again, so it is also inauspicious.
Of course, it’s just an example, it’s not that simple. ‘Yi’ is very complicated, and I don’t understand it, but it must be all-encompassing, recording all kinds of events in the world.
Why am I bringing this up?
Because of Chang'e's affairs, from our perspective, the earliest book with clear documents is "Gui Zang".
However, from the author of Huainanzi, to some scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, to the Jin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, some people say that the earliest source of Chang'e is "Shan Hai Jing".
This is so strange, I read the Book of Mountains and Seas, but I didn’t see Chang’e and Heng’e flying to the moon.
Yi did, he is a super talented person, I will talk about it later. In short, the Shan Hai Jing did not mention that he had a wife named Chang'e, nor did Chang'e fly to the moon.
Therefore, among the documents that have been discovered, it is the earliest mention in "Gui Zang".
The "Lianshan" and "Guitang" have been lost for more than a thousand years.
The first catastrophe, burning books and burying Confucianism.
Of course, the historical records say that all Confucian classics were burned, but that is not always the case. There are doubts about the ancient school, who believe that Qin Shihuang burned books of witch divination and killed alchemists.
I don't know what books Qin Shihuang burned, but don't forget, even according to this statement, "Lianshan" and "Guizang" are also books of witch divination. And it's Umbri's 'Bible'.
The alchemists fooled Qin Shihuang, and they should have taken the ancient events of Lianshan Guizang as their theoretical basis.
Whether it is Lianshan, Guizang, or Shanhaijing, they all mention elixir.
It's a pity that the alchemist couldn't get out the elixir, and nothing worked.
In order to unify ideology, by the way, Empress Qin Shi came to directly burn a large number of books about ancient myths and overseas customs, and went to the f*cking overseas fairy mountains!
By the way, many ancient books from the six countries were burned to promote the pace of the same text.
It is conceivable that the Book of Mountains and Seas should also be hit hard because of this...
Some people say that Confucianism accuses Qin Shihuang of burning books to confuse Confucianism, which is making chaos. It is clear that all books of witch divination were burned, and Confucian scholars were not murdered.
Here, I would like to say something to Confucianism, why did Confucianism blackmail Qin Shihuang's operation?
I won’t talk about other reasons. I don’t know which ancient books from the six countries were burned. I just say that he burned the Book of Changes, and that’s enough.
Among the Three Changes, the Zhou Yi is the first of the Five Confucian Classics. The Qin army searched for books from house to house. How many Confucian scholars must die in order to protect the Book of Changes? In the process of burning books and burying Confucianism, the Book of Changes suffered a devastating blow.
In the second calamity, Xiang Yu set fire to Xianyang.
This wave is really hurt, no matter what book it is, it will be burned for you!
Qin Shihuang swept away the universe, and Xianyang collected countless treasures from the six countries and precious classics.
A fire burned the sky and the earth was dark. This is the reason for the large decrease in the classics of the philosophers, and Qin Shihuang has been blamed.
How much is the loss? In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen and Jing collected a large number of ancient books, but found that many books were lost directly. For example, "The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Yi Li", "Shan Hai Jing" and other literatures.
Of course, not completely lost. There were also some charred fragments left, some with a few words left, and some with only a few bamboo pieces left, all of which were scattered and scattered one by one.
Here, let me say a word to Qin Shihuang. The first emperor burned the book and left you the fragments? Therefore, only Xiang Yu burned the city to save some.
These bamboo slips piled up more than a dozen palaces, and it was only during the Wang Mang period that many ancient prose in the pre-Qin period were sorted out.
Among them, "Lianshan" and "Guitang" have not been lost. It was lost in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the literati of all dynasties have been looking for it, but they can't find it.
During the Western Han Dynasty, these two books were still available, but why did they disappear in the Wei and Jin Dynasties? These are two extremely important books! As widely spread as the Book of Changes is, how widely should these two books be spread!
It was Liu Xin who was in charge of sorting out the Three Changes. That's right, it was this person again.
You don’t have to guess that he deleted Lianshan Guizang, he’s not so crazy, and he wouldn’t dare to delete these two books even if he had a hundred guts.
But the fact is... After Liu Xin sorted it out, scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded: ""Lianshan" is hidden in Lantai, and "Gui Zang" is hidden in Taibu".
During the Han Dynasty, there was a stone room for collecting books in the imperial palace, which was called Lantai as the central archival library.
Taibu is an official of Taichang, the head of the Nine Ministers, who is responsible for divination for major national events.
Hidden... Liu Xin sorted out dozens of ancient Chinese classics, and all of them have been handed down. In fact, this is exactly the purpose of asking him to proofread books—to make them easier to spread.
As a result, these two classics used by Xia and merchants, which were juxtaposed with the Book of Changes, were shelved...
Then, you understand that if it is not widely spread, it will be easily lost.
The third robbery is here.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo set fire to Luoyang...
I don’t know if these two classics were burned. After all, many literati at that time, such as Cai Hu, went to rescue many classics.
"Gui Zang" is relatively remote, and it may be missing, but "Lian Shan" is in Lantai, which is an important collection of books and should be rescued.
Unfortunately, this is not over yet.
The fourth catastrophe, in the fifth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xiongnu attacked Luoyang, killed more than 30,000 Jin officials and people, captive Jin Huaidi, burned Luoyang City, and Luoyang was reduced to ashes.
All right, no one will rescue him this time. Last time Dong Zhuo moved his capital, this time he directly massacred the city. I don’t know how many classics were destroyed.
After that, "Lianshan" and "Guizang" were lost.
Having said so much, you may be surprised that it has been lost. Why do you still say Chang'e, the earliest clear written record is "Gui Zang"?
Because of this book, after being lost for more than a thousand years, it was dug out from Hubei in the year I was born...
It was a Chu tomb from the Warring States period. Except for the coffin, there were no bronzes, gold, or jade. There were only some pottery and a pile of bamboo slips.
In the bamboo slips, there are all ancient documents of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, among which is the "Gui Zang" of Shang Zhiyi.
Throughout the dynasties, there have been countless wars, and many ancient documents have been lost, so that today, we can see very little of the Xia, Shang, Zhou and even ancient documents.
So much so that we can only understand the ancient ancestors from what people in the Han Dynasty and later said.
However, the people of the Han Dynasty knew the ancient times of a hammer.
So thanks to the burial system, the pre-Qin things are all dug out by ourselves. Although it is a waste of social wealth, if everyone really listens to Mozi and implements thin burials, then everything will definitely be lost.
I am really looking forward to when a copy of the Classic of Mountains and Seas of the Zhou Dynasty will be dug up.
When you get here, you must be very annoyed: I want to see Chang'e, what are you talking about with me!
As I said, this is an episode of the Shan Hai Jing Interpretation Series, not the main text of the Interpretation Series...
Because there is really no Chang'e in the current version of Shan Hai Jing. Although many people say that Chang'e originated from Shan Hai Jing, at least there is no such thing now.
To sum up, except for the description of Chang’e in the posthumous chapter of the early version of Shan Hai Jing, which has been lost, then what we know is only the collection of this book, which has the most say about Chang’e.
Assuming that the credibility of Shan Hai Jing is 100, then the credibility of Gui Zang is at least 70 or 80.
"Gui Zang": "In the past, Heng'e stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and took it for a month. In the future, the pieces will be occupied by Youhuang. You Huang Zhanzhi said: 'Good luck. Pianpian returns to my sister, and I will go west alone. Meet the sky. Huimang, don't be alarmed, don't be afraid, and there will be great prosperity'. Heng'e entrusted her body to the moon as a toad."
You have all seen that, you don’t need to take out anything from Shan Hai Jing, just the Shang Dynasty version, you can directly refute the claim that Chang’e stole Yi’s elixir.
In the Guizang of the Shang Dynasty, it was clearly written that Heng'e stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West! Has something to do with Dayi?
In addition, there is another detail here, that is, after taking the elixir, Chang'e planned to go to the moon, but before she went, she asked someone for divination!
This again refuted the claim that after taking the elixir, Chang'e flew to the moon involuntarily.
She is in a state where she can go or not, and she can go wherever she wants.
In this state, there is a high probability that Chang'e stole the elixir premeditatedly with motives.
"Take it for a month, and you will go."
That is to say, after stealing and eating, prepare to go to the moon after eating.
But she panicked, offended the Queen Mother of the West, and stole the elixir. According to the Shan Hai Jing, we know that this is obviously a very serious matter!
Because it is recorded in Shan Hai Jing that someone stole the elixir and was executed directly.
So, Chang'e was worried that she would be cold. Although she really wanted to go to the moon, she asked a man named 'Youhuang' before she left: What will happen after my trip?
The 'You Huang' said: "Good luck, eat chicken tonight. You will fly back this time, and you will go west alone. When you encounter dark weather, don't panic. There will be great light in the future."
Note that Guimei in Pianpian Guimei is a hexagram in Guizang, which has a special meaning.
It's hard for me to explain the specifics, but "Guimei" can generally be thought of as: "When a woman marries to be someone else's concubine, she must be patient and can walk on one leg", "When you encounter dissatisfaction, don't be irritable, you can see with one eye", " Marriage date has been postponed, don't worry, new date will be better'…
All in all, I talked about moving forward, turning a blind eye and closing one eye, and an optimistic attitude towards life.
This also corresponds to the following statement. When encountering dark and dull weather, don’t panic, there will be great light after getting through.
Chang'e was very happy after hearing this, so she settled down on the moon and became a toad.
Above, this is what we can see, the earliest Chang'e legend.
Boldly guess, why did you go to the moon after taking the elixir? Thinking about it logically, there must be something about the moon that she particularly wanted to visit.
She risked her life and stole the elixir just to go to the moon.
It may be very risky and dangerous, but after going through the darkness, there will be an infinite road of light!
That is to say, when she arrives on the moon, she can rely on her status of taking the elixir to have the life she dreamed of having.
And Chang'e knew what she would get, so she took the risk and tried her best to steal the medicine, and wanted to go to the moon to fight for her fate! Either doomed, or fate changed!
But this time, there is no turning back! So she panicked again, so she asked a very authoritative person, a person who was not afraid of Queen Mother Xi at all, and her status was no less than Queen Mother West: What will happen in the future on my trip to the moon?
The man told Chang'e: You will succeed, don't worry, don't panic, don't be afraid, everything will pass, and your future will be bright!
It's a pity, this is a book of changes after all, although it tells the story of Chang'e, it must express a certain attitude towards life and philosophy of life...
So what is there on the moon, and why Heng'e took such a risk? Although I can continue to speculate, it will seem very groundless.
So let me stop for a while, let me talk about the evolution of the Chang'e story recorded in Guizang.
Then I reversed it based on the law of its evolution, and deduced the Chang'e incident that was "possibly recorded" in the "not yet found" ancient books of Shan Hai Jing.
That is to say, according to the development of the story after Guizang, combined with the consistent writing style of Shan Hai Jing, and the possible background of the five emperors in ancient times, we can speculate what would happen if Chang'e was really recorded in the ancient Shan Hai Jing.
start!
When it comes to Chang'e, we have to mention Dayi!
However, through Gui Zang, we know that Chang'e did not steal Dayi's elixir, but the Queen Mother of the West.
In Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions" in the Warring States Period, Yi was written, but Chang'e was not mentioned.
It is recorded in "Huainanzi" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon. I was so sad that I couldn't continue it."
It means that Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the medicine of immortality, but Heng'e stole it. Dayi was very uncomfortable and could not continue.
Let’s talk about the mainstream understanding first. Most people believe that Dayi got the elixir from the Queen Mother of the West and was stolen by Heng’e to fly to the moon. Dayi was very uncomfortable and never married a wife.
I'm sorry, I don't agree with this statement. This is the understanding of people in later generations who were first misled by myths.
To interpret this sentence, we must consider the background of the times at that time.
First of all, this sentence does not say that Heng'e is Dayi's wife!
Some people may think: Isn't it very uncomfortable to say that there has been no remarriage since then? Doesn't this prove that Heng'e was originally Dayi's wife?
No, this translation is wrong, 'no continuation' should not be translated as no continuation.
When did the allusion to the continuation appear? On Baidu Encyclopedia, it is written that the sequel originates from the story of Boya Ziqi. But the classics that hold this statement were written by a Qing Dynasty author. I think he just took the literal meaning out of the text, and based on the word continuation, he was forced to think it was Boya Ziqi. Please don't trust Baidu Encyclopedia.
As early as the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hua's "Natural History" wrote the real source in the second volume: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xihai state owned five liang of rubber, and the emperor paid for the foreign warehouse. The remaining rubber half liang was worn by the Western envoy. Afterwards, Emperor Wu shot at Ganquan Palace, the bowstring of the emperor broke, and the follower wanted to stretch it again. The envoy from the west went in and begged to continue it with the lingering gum that he had given. There were no surprises on the left and right. , in order to break the string, the two ends are connected, and the strings meet each other. The emperor ordered the strongmen to lead each end, and they would never leave each other. The Western envoy said: "You can shoot, and it will continue all day long." Said: 'Continued String Glue'."
This paragraph is very long. Anyway, after this incident spread, later generations gradually used this allusion to refer to the broken relationship and the relationship between husband and wife, and later it was derived into continued marriage.
So when was the author of "Huainanzi"? The author is Liu An, king of Huainan, who is the uncle of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This book was compiled by a group of disciples, with the purpose of targeting the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early days of his enthronement and opposing the reforms of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
After Liu An rebelled, he was defeated and died. When he died, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was only thirty-four years old.
It was also the year when Liu An died. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first learned from Zhang Qian, who had returned from his envoy to the Western Regions, that there was a trade route leading to India from Shuchuan.
In summary, when "Huainanzi" wrote "Yi was sad and mournful, and there was no way to continue it", there was no allusion of "continuing strings"!
Because, ten thousand steps back, even before "Huainanzi" was written, the envoy of Xihai Kingdom had already met Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the "continuation" happened between the two, that time was not enough to spread the word to the world and form an allusion.
You must know that such a thing as the continuation of string glue has nothing to do with marrying a wife. It must have been well-known first, and gradually fermented over time, and gradually derived the meaning of "remarrying and marrying a wife".
So in the book "Huainanzi", this allusion will never be used so naturally. The social background at that time did not make sense to translate these four words into "marry another wife".
So there is nothing to continue, what does it mean?
is very simple, it means to continue and continue.
"Erya": continue, continue.
"Zhou Li·Towel Car": "It will be renewed every year".
"Historical Records · Xiang Yu Benji": The continuation of the death of Qin Dynasty.
Before the Han Dynasty, if the subject is a person, animal, or country, it generally refers to the continuation of time.
So what does 'unable to' mean? It means 'nothing can...'. There is nothing in return, that is, there is nothing in return.
To sum up, the meaning of "nothing to continue" means "nothing can extend his time", and contextually, it means "no longer can continue his life".
As for the first sentence, there is another detail that has been misunderstood throughout the ages.
That’s ‘invite the medicine of immortality to Queen Mother of the West’, it’s a ‘please’, not a ‘get’!
If you want to express that Yi got the elixir, you should write "The Queen Mother of the West gave Yi the elixir, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon".
In this case, the meaning is clear, Heng'e stole it from Yi.
But it is not, what is written here is, 'Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon'.
If it is written like this, Yi may not have obtained the elixir...he may still be requesting it.
So, for "Huainanzi": "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon. I was so sad that I couldn't continue it."
My translation is: Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the medicine of immortality, but the Queen Mother of the West told him that the medicine was stolen by Chang'e and went to the moon. So Yi was very sad and sad, and there was nothing to continue his life.
Of course, it doesn’t matter if it’s not translated into continuation of life. Just use the simplest meaning of continuation, which can be translated into: He is very uncomfortable, and there is nothing to keep him going.
Continuing this is likely to go a step further and get the 'follow-up' that I should have.
For example, promotion and salary increase... Just kidding, but the meaning can be this way.
Yi was the one who was supposed to be qualified to take the elixir, go to the moon, have some kind of follow-up, and change his destiny.
The result was cut off...
"Shan Hai Jing·Hai Nei Jing": "Emperor Jun bestowed Yitong with a bow and a simple mat to help the country, and Yi was the first to relieve the hardships of going to the land." '
In fact, this is not the only place where Yi is written in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Because I am not the main lecturer, otherwise the space is too long to write here, so I will post this paragraph.
In short, Yi is a great hero. He was appointed by the superior to help the people on the ground and deal with various disasters.
Moreover, it is obvious that Yi is also known to everyone, and belonged to the "common sense level" in ancient times.
He is extremely powerful in the Shan Hai Jing. How strong it is will be discussed later.
Return to Chang'e.
Yi's merits are even eligible to become emperor, but he may not want to, or other reasons.
Anyway, he is definitely qualified to get the elixir. Probably when the superior sent him the task, he promised: After you finish those things, he will give you the elixir, send you to the moon, leave here...and become one of us.
In the Shan Hai Jing, the Queen Mother of the West is in charge of the elixir. The share of the first batch of elixir is basically obtained from the Queen Mother of the West.
All in all, Yi's task is completed, and the credit is in place. He came to Queen Mother Xi and asked her to give him the elixir.
As a result, Yi came happily, but left in despair. Heng'e stole the elixir of immortality that was first approved by Ben Yue.
Here you may have questions, why, just one elixir?
First of all, it may indeed be very rare, because the emperor sent Yi to carry out the task and promised to give medicine, so he approved one and kept it with Queen Mother of the West, and waited for Yi to complete the task to receive the reward.
Secondly, the undead medicine and "some kind of follow-up to the moon" are a set. And this spot has already been taken by Heng'e. And it's been a long time, and I can't go back on it.
When the next batch arrives, Dayi may have died of old age, so he said 'there is no way to continue'. For a while, there was nothing to live on.
The third possibility, that is, my previous speculation that Yi was promised to be drugged was wrong.
Di just sent him to work, but did not promise him anything.
Yi's contribution is enough to be the emperor, but he wants the medicine of immortality more, so he is unwilling to be the emperor. He wants to use this credit to ask the Queen Mother of the West to exchange it for a medicine of immortality.
To sum up, it is the joint interpretation of "Gui Zang" and "Huai Nan Zi".
You will find that the perspective changes from Heng'e to Yi.
On the one hand, what Heng'e did, and on the other hand, what happened from Yi's perspective after Heng'e finished.
This story begins to shift from the heroine to the hero.
So what's next? After the Western Han Dynasty, what happened to the legend?
they got married…
Heng'e officially became Dayi's wife in the literature.
The first person who said that Chang'e was Dayi's wife was a man named Gao You in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He annotated "Huainanzi" and added his own interpretation.
In fact, in the era of Gaoyou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the allusion of "continuing strings" should have already started to be used.
People at that time, according to the description in "Huainanzi", and then the society began to spread that Chang'e stole the medicine of immortality from her husband. This is what I called the "mainstream understanding" before.
All Gao You who have this idea, just comment on it: Heng'e, Yi's wife.
Dang Dang Dang! Just these four words have a far-reaching impact! Directly issued a marriage certificate to the two ancient figures!
After this point, the folks in the Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties were overjoyed, Yo! love story! Still stealing her husband's elixir? I ate this melon!
The relevant legends are getting richer and richer, and the process of the two falling in love to parting is becoming more and more detailed! Even who the third party was and why they stole the medicine became more and more clear as time went by! Names and surnames! The lines are rich and colorful, and the psychological activities are getting deeper and deeper!
From then on, until today, everyone thinks that Chang'e and Dayi are husband and wife.
I won’t talk about specific myths, you all know it.
Does it feel like Nuwa Fuxi? First, the two seem to have nothing to do with each other, and then their stories get together, and then they get married, the man is the protagonist with countless halos, and the woman is a vassal, even a criticized role.
So the legend of Yi became more and more abundant as the time went by.
It is worth mentioning that people in the Tang Dynasty began to add dramas to Chang'e again, referring to Chang'e as "Moon Jing", which actually means the moon god, don't get me wrong.
In addition, she began to say that she did not steal the medicine, but ate it herself to protect the medicine from being snatched by bad guys. As a result, he couldn't help himself and flew to the moon.
But as I said before, the Shang Dynasty's "Gui Zang" clearly stated that Heng'e was going to go to the moon after eating, but she hadn't left yet. When she was about to leave, she found a person named 'Youhuang' to divination good and bad luck, and told me How about this trip.
It can be seen from this that there is no such thing as involuntary ascension.
In addition, it is absolutely impossible to protect the medicine. The earliest record is "stealing". All the records about Chang'e before the Tang Dynasty are all "stealing medicine", and "stealing" is the core keyword of this story.
Chang'e briefly rose to status after the Tang Dynasty, and then continued to be reduced to a vase. Generally speaking, the protagonist is Yi, and Chang'e is a vassal.
That is to say, conversely, during the period of the Five Emperors in ancient times, if this incident was recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, then Heng'e should be the central character of the whole story.
In the tombs of the Han Dynasty, there is a picture of Chang'e flying to the moon. In the picture, Chang'e has a human head and a snake body, or even a human head and a dragon body, because it has legs like dragon claws.
And the moon she flies to has a toad drawn in the middle. This is in line with "Gui Zang".
However, it did not turn into a toad, but there were toads on the moon where Chang'e went.
Note that this is a cultural relic, reflecting the Han Dynasty. They believed that Chang'e, like Nuwa and Queen Mother of the West, had a human head and a snake body.
However, "Huainanzi" did not mention this matter.
After thinking about it, there is only one possibility, that is, the authors of "Huainanzi", including scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, think it is not important.
Even, it is the Western Han version of "Shan Hai Jing", which describes that Heng'e is a snake with a human head! So Western Han scholars know this image.
But why the human head and the snake body, and how this image came about, they don't know.
Who is Heng'e? Is he an ancestor? No, what did she invent? Stealing the elixir of the Queen Mother of the West is not mending the sky, controlling the floods, or shooting the sun. There is nothing to praise, so I think it is meaningless and I don't understand it very well.
So only focus on the key points, extract Chang'e's deeds, and integrate them with Dayi's story. The matter of stealing medicine is told from the perspective of Dayi, with Dayi as the protagonist.
In addition, there is another possibility that can be explained, that is, people in the Western Han Dynasty believed that Chang'e was Chang Xi. You should all know this saying. Chang Xi was born in December, and Heng'e is also the moon god, so the two are actually the same person.
I have a lot to refute about this, but I can’t write it here, so I won’t talk about it.
In short, let’s get down to business.
According to Heng'e's image evolution, legend evolution, and status evolution. We can deduce it backwards, in ancient times, or in the ancient version of Shan Hai Jing.
First, Heng'e is the core person, and even her status may be very high, at least she cannot be an ordinary person with certain abilities, otherwise how would she steal the medicine? It's just because she 'gone'... so there are not many rumors about Heng'e's past, only the story of stealing medicine and flying to the moon has been handed down.
Second, Heng'e and Dayi are not husband and wife, and they don't even know each other at all. At most, they know Dayi and Queen Mother of the West has medicine, so they steal it. Yicai went to the Queen Mother of the West to ask for the elixir.
The two, in fact, have no intersection! This point is reflected in "Gui Zang", how can we talk about "Shan Hai Jing"?
But it may be because Dayi asked for medicine and learned that Queen Mother of the West's medicine was stolen by Heng'e, so he knew that there was such a person, and then Dayi passed this matter down.
If Dayi hadn't spread the story, the Heng'e incident would probably be extremely obscure and confidential, and it would only be spread among the emperor and the Queen Mother of the West, and ordinary people would never know about it.
Remember what I said, there is a record in the Shan Hai Jing that someone who stole medicine was executed?
It is possible that Heng'e succeeded in stealing the medicine, which made many people follow suit, but they were hit by the gun.
Third, Heng'e has a human head and a snake body, which should be mentioned in the "Shan Hai Jing". It's just that after the Western Han Dynasty, this text was lost.
Fourth, Heng'e can't fly after taking medicine, which was only said in the Tang Dynasty.
Before that, it was only said to steal medicine and go to the moon, Heng'e should have some kind of channel to go to the moon. This kind of channel may require the elixir to pass through.
Fifth... Speaking of which, it's time for me to reveal a fact that I concealed earlier.
That is the record in "Gui Zang", in fact, I changed two words.
In the bamboo slips of the Chu tomb in the Warring States Period, the real text on "Gui Zang" is actually: "In the past, I always stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and took it for a month. In the future, I will occupy it in Youhuang. There is Huang Zhanzhi." "Auspicious. Pianpian is returning to my sister, and I will go west alone. When the sky is dark, don't be alarmed or afraid, and the future will be prosperous." Heng I entrusted myself to the moon, and it was the toad."
That’s right, it’s not the word Heng, nor the word E!
The record in the Book of Changes of the Shang Dynasty "Gui Zang" is "Heng Wo".
Is it male or female, I don’t know!
If the name is Heng Wo, it should be a man!
Later generations, for some purpose, defined this existence as a woman. After the **** change, I began to think that "I" is actually the abbreviation of "E".
So Hengwo became Heng'e.
Because of avoiding the taboo of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty Liu Heng, the word Heng was changed to Heng.
Afterwards, it was used as a synonym, and Heng should be changed to Chang'e, which became Chang'e as we know it in later generations.
The shape of the font changes, which can be complicated before, and become less and more concise. There are very few pictographic characters that were originally simple, but later evolved into complex characters.
Especially on the women's side, it's almost impossible to abbreviate. Other characters can have abbreviations, but it is different for women's side, because the important surnames in ancient times all have 'female'.
Will 'Ji' be abbreviated as 'Chen'? Will 'Si' be abbreviated as 'Yi'?
There was a word e for a long time ago. This character is a commonly used character.
Also, the oracle bone inscriptions of the characters 'I' and 'E' are both evidenced by excavated cultural relics. The oracle bone inscriptions of the two characters are actually very different... Female is a radical that must not be missed.
Of course, everything is not absolute, it may be shorthand, and I am not an authority.
But here, let me think that if it is written in Gui Zang, it is even more so in the older "Shan Hai Jing".
So, what does 'constant self' mean? In oracle bone inscriptions, the word "I" is the pictogram of a person holding a sword, which means the royal family and nobles.
'e's oracle bone inscriptions mean a royal woman, aristocratic woman.
heng is the image of the pictographic moon gradually becoming full. It means long-lasting, permanent, and lasting.
From the meaning of understanding, to always be in front, to use, is the meaning of "make me eternal"!
'I' is a royal family, which can be extended to mean 'make me an eternal royal family'!
Combined with the core of the story of "I used to steal the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West and take it for a month".
The one who steals the medicine may really be called 'Heng Wo', which has no special meaning.
If there is a special meaning, it means that he is actually an 'Anonymous'.
Gender unknown, deeds unknown, name unknown. But 'Eternal Me' is a dream that every nobleman wanted to achieve in ancient times.
Take the elixir, go to the moon, enter the toad, keep me!
This is a set of semi-public secrets and procedures circulated among the royal families at that time, and many people want to complete the road to heaven.
And this dream, the normal channel, is like Yi, relying on merit and virtue.
Abnormal channels are stealing!
And ‘Heng Wo’ was the first person to steal. Turned into a human-headed snake body, passed the channel verification that humans cannot pass through, entered the toad from the moon, and left.
Who is this person, the world hardly knows, and maybe even Queen Mother Xi herself doesn't know!
Yes, I don’t know who stole it. If I knew, then I should have failed in the end.
It was because he didn't know, so this person didn't even have a name, so he named it 'Heng Wo'.
Yi went to look for Queen Mother Xi full of hope, but Queen Mother Xi was also very embarrassed and careless. He never thought that this group of ignorant fools would steal his own elixir!
The Queen Mother of the West could only tell Dayi: Someone stole my medicine, landed on the moon, entered the toad, and left.
Yi was very desperate about this, he was miserable and frustrated, because the short life of human beings was no longer enough for him to persist until the next batch of medicine.
All his efforts were for naught and he missed this opportunity forever.
At this point, the story of 'Eternal Self' has been widely spread throughout the world. The kings and gods from all over the world heard about this kind of thing, and they said in their hearts: What? Still can steal?
Obviously, after this incident, it is no longer possible for humans to steal the elixir.
The first time was a fluke, there can be no second time.
The matter of "Constant Self" has become a swan song, so that it is used directly, specifically referring to the only person who succeeded that year.
In the name of this road to heaven, let this anonymous person have this unique name.
Legendary! The only legend.
His legend has been handed down, but in the era when the ancient things have been forgotten, the world only wonders: What ghost legend is this? Steal medicine? Flying to the moon? What's next? meaning? What did you teach? Greedy?
So this legend has never been taken seriously, and it is only used as an example of becoming a fairy.
Ancient ancestors, whoever has deeds passed down to this day, must have virtue!
Even if it is a villain, there must be a decent one to set it off.
'Heng Wo Stealing Medicine and Flying to the Moon', as a separate legend, spread to the Zhou Dynasty and was finally exploited.
began to fuse him with another hero who was involved in the elixir, that is, Dayi.
And for this purpose, as a villain, he turned him into a woman.
Later, the old routine, you get married.
So, a brand new legend of Hengwo appeared, no, it should be the legend of Dayi, adding another touch. Heng I blended into it and became a supporting role.
The values of the Chinese have been gradually changing. Every time a dynasty arrives, the myth will be biased towards the values at that time.
So repeated enrichment, change, after fusion.
A legendary ascension against the sky, so inexplicably, his **** turned into a woman, married to Dayi, and became a "hero, beauty, love, family ethics drama", and was even molested by Zhu Bajie!
Now that you’re here, you probably think it’s over, right? Thirteen thousand words...
But no, because there is another key person, you should not ignore.
'Yellow'!
As I said earlier, it was Dayi who asked the Queen Mother of the West to distribute the medicine, and then learned about it and spread it.
This is just a possibility.
The legend may have been spread through other channels.
Because before "Huainanzi", there is no document record, Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir.
As I said, Dayi was forcibly pulled in by later generations to make up for the particularly immoral story of "Heng Wo stealing medicine". Inspired by the story of "Heng Wo Stealing the Medicine", it just strengthened a wave of Dayi.
So there is no Dayi in the story, and there is no Dayi from the beginning to the end!
The records in "Gui Zang" have clearly shown that, apart from 'Heng Wo' himself, 'You Huang' is the only one who knows!
do you remember? I pointed out a sentence earlier: Chang'e found a person who was not afraid of the Queen Mother of the West, and whose status was no less than that of the Queen Mother of the West.
Why did I say that, because "Heng Wo" dared to tell him this matter, and asked him for advice: After I do this, what will happen to my trip to the moon?
This in itself already shows that 'Youhuang' is very awesome.
'You Huang' is also very powerful, he told 'Heng Wo': "Son, just go! You will encounter darkness, but don't be scared, don't be afraid, there will be infinite light in the end!"
'Heng Wo' was very happy and left.
Only those who are true to Queen Mother Xi, can 'Heng Wo' believe him.
Of course, it is also possible that 'Heng Wo' is the child of 'You Huang'.
But this incident can be passed down and recorded in "Gui Zang", which shows the confidence of "You Huang".
Even if 'Hengwo' is a pseudonym, 'Youhuang' may also be a pseudonym, but as long as there is no proof, it's fine.
And very likely, it was 'You Huang' who taught 'Heng Wo' to do this!
He told 'Heng Wo', when, where, and how to steal the elixir, what the elixir looks like, eat it immediately after getting it, and then go to the moon from what channel...
This series may have been secretly told by 'You Huang' to his children after he knew about it in a certain capacity.
Originally, this method was not circulated in the world, because it was a secret, so Queen Mother Xi was not prepared, and then let 'Hengwo' succeed by luck.
There are no more than five, or even fewer, people who have this kind of confidence, this kind of news source, and their descendants are mortals.
So who is 'You Huang'?
I guess, it is the Yellow Emperor.
First of all, the 'Hengwo' event must be a very early event. If it is too late, everyone will know about the elixir, and it will not be so easy to succeed.
Secondly, I mentioned that the name 'You Huang' is not something everyone can use.
'有' is an affix, usually added in front of the name.
The "Huang" appeared many times in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and was sacrificed to a very high standard by the Shang kings of all dynasties. It is an ancestor with a high status.
The "You Huang" in Yin Shang's "Gui Zang" basically means that the Yellow Emperor did not run away.
And the Yellow Emperor is indeed worthy of the Queen Mother of the West, which is reflected in the Shan Hai Jing.
Yellow Emperor recorded this incident, and after his death, someone discovered this incident and spread it one after another.
This is the only case among all the original legends throughout the ages, and it is clearly recorded that the successful case of ascending to heaven after taking the elixir of death.
Besides this, all the records in Shan Hai Jing are failure cases.
It is rumored that after the completion of the merits and virtues of the Yellow Emperor, he ascended to heaven with the dragon and left on the dragon.
Will it be the end, becoming a snake?
There is no evidence for this, I should still be the Yellow Emperor and die in the end.
But although the Yellow Emperor died, he managed to send one of his descendants to the dark and boundless space.
There is nothing more "dark" than the moon and space.
But the other side of the long dark road is infinite light.
Persevere and endure, you can walk with one foot and see with one eye!
The night will pass, and the light will come.
This is the story of the only person who ascended against the sky, and his father.
Later generations called it: "Chang'e Flies to the Moon!"
"Shan Hai Jing Cang Yue Apocrypha": "South of the West Sea, on the shore of quicksand, behind Chishui and before Heishui, there is a big mountain called Kunlun Hill. There are people holding a coin, a human head, and a dragon body, called Hengwo, Steal the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and take it for the moon. When it passes away, it will be occupied by Huang. Huang will occupy it and call it auspicious. I will entrust myself to the moon as a toad."
"Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Xi Jing": "In the east of Huashan Qingshui, there is a mountain named Zhaoshan. Some people call it Baizigao, and Baizigao goes up and down here, as far as the sky."
"Shan Hai Jing Hainei Bei Jing": "The corpse of Wang Ziye, his hands, legs, chest, head, and teeth were all broken in different places."
Shan Hai Jing Thoughts Series Extra: The only ascender in history.
The "Shan Hai Jing" interpretation series, although it is included in this book as a side story, it has nothing to do with this book...
It’s really just a personal interpretation, but when I interpret it, it always diverges far away, and the clues and ideas involve a lot of knowledge.
As for some knowledge points, if they are explained in detail, they will appear bloated, and if they are not explained in detail, I am afraid that you will not know...
So I have to write some extra episodes of the "Shan Hai Jing Interpretation Series"...
Although my interpretation does not use documents other than Shan Hai Jing as evidence, they can be ideas.
The ancient documents are there, and the modern information is so developed, you can search and check if you want to, and then put forward your own opinions.
Based on other people's understanding, his character and political standpoint to judge what he describes, what will be biased. Comparing with the Shan Hai Jing, we can infer which ones in the Shan Hai Jing are fake, and which ones may be the original appearance of the ancient times.
At the same time, by comparing other documents, we can know what kind of evolution a legend has undergone, and in what direction it is evolving, and then inversely deduce what its original appearance may be.
There is no doubt that the ancient documents of the pre-Qin period are the most convincing, while the documents of the Han Dynasty and later are not so credible.
Either a lot of artistic processing was added, or a political purpose was implanted, or it was deleted directly.
Combined with the wars in the past dynasties and the loss of many precious documents, it is too difficult to understand the real situation of the five emperors in ancient times.
Don’t believe in Baidu Encyclopedia, or even completely believe in the collations of various formal channels. The things they organize are only for reference, not real.
Twenty percent, which is in line with the truth thousands of years ago, is not bad.
Because their basis is also obtained from the literature after the Han Dynasty.
The only thing that can be trusted is archaeological relics, that is, physical analysis of ancient remains. But by doing so, we only know the tip of the iceberg.
So, in fact, there is no truth, the truth has long been buried, and we will always only have the "truth" that we understand personally.
Everyone has their own human history in mind. My interpretation may not be accurate, and even some views have been thought of by others.
Closer to home, many people think that Shan Hai Jing is more absurd, so why is what it records more credible?
And it might have been written by people from the Warring States period, not recorded in ancient times.
Why should I consider the Shan Hai Jing to be the most authentic?
First of all, I admit that I love Shan Hai Jing very much. Second, the reason why I firmly insisted is that some of the texts of Shan Hai Jing must have been recorded by people in extremely ancient times, and they were definitely not written in the Warring States Period or even later.
The reason is that the Classic of Mountains and Seas can often overthrow what the officials believed in the Warring States Period and later, and there are cultural relics as evidence.
I read the Classic of Mountains and Seas a long time ago, and the reason why I really began to think that it is a reliable history, at least more reliable than the saying since the Qin and Han Dynasties, was that one day I saw a report on the Sanxingdui Bronze Sacred Tree.
No one has described it in more detail than Shan Hai Jing. Even the "Nine Songs" of the Warring States Period only mentioned that the sun shines in all directions from the Fusang in the east.
It's not like Shan Hai Jing at all. It has long been described that nine days live in the lower branch and one day lives in the upper branch.
When the bronze sacred tree was excavated, only the Book of Mountains and Seas confirmed it.
After this, I frantically searched for other cultural relics and the classics of mountains and seas.
Then it was discovered that Oracle has.
Nearly 70 years ago, the Ministry of Culture obtained a batch of oracle bone inscriptions, which were kept in the National Library of China until today.
Among them is a piece of ox shoulder blade from the period of King Wuding of the Shang Dynasty, engraved with oracle bone inscriptions. The content has been deciphered, offering sacrifices to 'Sifang Division' and 'Sifang Feng'.
"The east is called analysis, the phoenix is called 劦. The south is called Jia, the phoenix is called Kai. The west is called Yi, and the phoenix is called Yi. The north is called 宀...the phoenix is called 伇." Note that because the oracle bone inscriptions are too broken, I don't know what the north is called. I only know that word, there is a '宀'.
This is the "name of the four directions" and "the name of the four directions" written in oracle bone inscriptions during the Shang Dynasty.
Note that Shang Chaofeng does not write Feng characters, but only writes 'Feng', because Yin Shang, like Shaohao Xihe and other countries, worshiped birds, and Feng characters came from Feng characters. The oldest pictogram of Feng is Phoenix. .
Shaohao's totem is a mysterious bird, and Yin Shang's totem is also a mysterious bird. I seriously doubt that they are descendants of Shaohao.
The mysterious bird of destiny descended to give birth to Shang.
If this sentence is translated according to the language habits of Shan Hai Jing, it is actually a mysterious bird businessman.
Similar to "Zhuanxu gave birth to a happy head", the Zhuanxu Kingdom derived the Penguin Kingdom.
So Shaohao, that is, the Xuanniao Kingdom derived the Yin Shang Kingdom. The Yin and Shang Dynasties of the Dongyi system destroyed the Yuxia of the Yanhuang system, which caused huge damage to the civilization of the Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou ruins are full of obvious signs of destruction, and there are almost no intact things. It is conceivable that when the Xia Dynasty perished , many things were completely destroyed.
Exaggerated, then the four winds recorded in oracle bone inscriptions 3,000 years ago, are there any in the Shan Hai Jing?
Of course there is, the format is the same...and more detailed.
"Da Huang Dong Jing": "The east is called analysis, and the wind is called handsome. When you are at the east pole, you can enter and exit the wind."
"Da Huang Nan Jing": "The south is called the cause, and the wind is called the people, and it is located in the Antarctic to enter and exit the wind."
"Da Huang Xi Jing": "There is a man named Shi Yi, and the wind is called Wei, and he is located in the northwest corner to measure the length of the sun and the moon."
"Da Huang Dong Jing": "The north is called, and the wind that comes is called a beast, and it is located in the corner of the east to stop the sun and the moon."
In the end, the north was placed in the east longitude, which should be a mistake made by Liu Xin when he was writing books, or in later generations.
In short, the records of Shan Hai Jing are almost the same as those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Some people may think, which one is it? Wrong a lot okay.
Indeed, Dongfeng oracle bone inscriptions write '劦', and Shan Hai Jing writes 'Jun'. Southern oracle bone inscriptions write "Jia" and "Kai", while Shan Hai Jing writes "Yin" and "Min". There is also the west wind 'Yi', which is written as 'Wei'.
However, the characters in the northern oracle bone inscriptions have been damaged, leaving only one '宀', but the Shan Hai Jing states that it is ''. This character has long been used, but it is actually the character Wan with a bird added to it. It was in line with Dongyi's habits.
In addition, other passages of Shanhaijing have supplemented other passages of Nanfeng Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Kaifeng comes out of his own accord."
That is to say, Shan Hai Jing also believes that the south wind is called Kai Feng.
In short, the mistakes made by Shan Hai Jing can actually be considered as mistakes made by later generations in sorting out and copying.
The ancient book of Mountains and Seas has been lost for a long time, and what I read now is the version that I don’t know how many times it has been copied. Some words have also changed, which is normal.
There is no problem with typos, as long as you are talking about the same thing.
I am afraid of comparison in everything, and you will understand the mistakes made in other literature.
The "Dian Yao" of the Warring States Period has a description of the four directions. It says that Emperor Yao sent people to observe the sky in the east, west, north, south, and north. He was in charge of the four directions and the four seasons. Because of the people, birds and beasts are different." "Juemin Yi, birds and beasts have hair." "Juemin, birds and beasts have hair."
Is it obscure? It's okay, you don't need to understand what it means.
Because the setting of the real ancient Sifang Division and Sifangfeng has long been forgotten by the people of the Warring States Period.
I don’t understand the meaning, so it’s written like this, “taken for granted”.
They were probably very confused when they saw the oracle bone inscriptions left by Yin merchants, "Dongfang said analysis, Feng said 劦".
Because the character for 'feng' in oracle bone inscriptions is 'phoenix', it can be directly interpreted as a bird... and as the name suggests, I think it is about birds and beasts.
The word "劦" looks at the structure, and you know that it means the cooperation of all people, and then as the name implies, it is associated with the meaning of "joint".
So the people of the Warring States combined the previous birds and beasts, and wrote the birds and beasts'tailed'.
The good Sifangsi and Sifangfeng have become Sifangsi in different seasons, the changes of birds and beasts...
Where is the wind? It doesn't matter if you follow suit.
Yao Dian is the first chapter of "Shangshu", a Confucian classic. In the Han Dynasty, its status soared, so Sima Qian chose Yao Dian when writing historical records.
As for the statement of Shan Hai Jing, Sima Qian did not adopt it, saying: 'I dare not say it. '
Therefore, from the Warring States Period to modern times, Yao Dian’s sayings were all orthodox.
Until the last century, the oracle bone inscriptions on the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were deciphered with scientific and systematic pictographic analysis.
Only then did I realize that the orthodoxy has been wrong all along, and Shan Hai Jing is right.
Since the time of Wu Ding carved that paragraph of words on the bone, three thousand years later, only the Classic of Mountains and Seas has completely recorded the ancient Sifangfeng.
Of course, I can wash.
People in the Warring States period did not understand oracle bone inscriptions, they deliberately tampered with them.
Or deliberately grafting, integrating the culture of Yanhuang and Dongyi, and inserting a large amount of Dongyi culture into people of the Yanhuang family such as Emperor Yao.
They did not choose to copy, but took inspiration from Dongyi culture, processed it, and passed it on to Emperor Yao.
Completed national integration, Yanhuang and Dongyi were completely integrated into one.
Dijun became Emperor Ku, Shaohao became the son of the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of Yin Shang was the second son of Di Ku...
I'm not saying it's wrong, the effect is positive.
But whether it is intentional or unintentional.
Objectively speaking, the understanding of ancient times during the Warring States Period was that there was no realism in the Classics of Mountains and Seas, no truth in the Classics of Mountains and Seas, and no honesty in the Classics of Mountains and Seas.
Regarding ancient events, Warring States documents have academic purposes, and Han Dynasty documents have political purposes. for reference only.
It was rumored that someone sent a parrot from the Western Regions during Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
"Shan Hai Jing·Xishan Jing": "There is a bird Yan, which is shaped like an owl, with green feathers and red beak, and a human tongue that can speak, and it is called a parrot."
Although I did not find this record in the official history, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of parrots were introduced and sold.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Mi Heng’s only famous work was an "Ode on Parrots", which chanted this bird that no one has chanted throughout the ages. And pretending to be a parrot, expressing the depression that no one knows his talent.
The name parrot has continued until today.
The names of many animals are different from ancient to modern, but the parrot’s name has never changed. This can prove that after the Shan Hai Jing and before the Han Dynasty, no one had named parrots, and they didn’t know them at all.
It was the people of the Han Dynasty who learned that it was called a parrot from the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and they continued to use it. This made the name unchanged, because there is a common source of the name.
If there is no Classic of Mountains and Seas, people from various places will give parrots different names. When northerners see a parrot, they give it a name. Southerners may choose another name when they see a parrot.
Then in the 21st century, parrots will have many official names.
However, this did not happen, which means that before the Han Dynasty, no one except the contemporary of the author of Shan Hai Jing had ever seen a parrot.
In addition, there are records in the literature that during the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, an ancient stone chamber in Shangjun collapsed, and the image of "reverse binding robbers" was carved on the stone walls inside. No one knew what it meant until Liu Xiang, Liu Xin's father, who was 'revising' the Shan Hai Jing at that time, pointed out that this was a 'minor of two negatives'.
"Hai Nei Xi Jing": "The minister of the second bearer is called Wei. Danger and the second bearer killed Yuyu. The emperor shackled the sparse mountain, shackled his right foot, tied his hands and hair behind him, and tied it to the wood on the mountain. In the northwest of the opening question. "
So, in ancient times, the people of the Han Dynasty knew a hammer...the parrots didn't even know it, but they knew a lot about the Yellow Emperor, Yao and Shun, etc., inexplicably, as if they had seen it with their own eyes.
There are many other examples. All in all, since ancient times, Shan Hai Jing has corresponded to a large number of cultural relics and real things.
Whether it is animals, mountains and rivers, murals, oracle bone inscriptions, or Sanxingdui cultural relics, as well as the Erlitou site, Taosi site, Shimao ancient city that I have not mentioned yet...
A large number of realistic things, more or less, confirm the realism, truthfulness, and honesty of Shan Hai Jing.
The past and present have changed too much, and it is useless to be realistic.
Times are changing too, it really doesn't work.
And she was too honest, so honest that she didn’t praise anyone, didn’t convey any reason, didn’t promote any benevolence and righteousness, and might even run into some bad luck and make some taboos.
It's due to Liu Xin that when he was compiling the book, he cut the Shan Hai Jing by half.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas has always been embarrassing when looking at its status in ancient and modern times. Its content, in the long river of history, is often different from the official orthodoxy.
This is a lonely book, so lonely that no one can prove that what it says is true except for the brilliance that has been buried in the soil.
In almost every article, I have to criticize Liu Xin.
You didn’t know him at first, but you probably know him very well.
I'll say it again, Liu Xin, the great master of Confucianism!
The first person who systematically sorted out the pre-Qin literature, the founder of ancient Chinese classics, was evaluated by the literary circles of all dynasties as the first great man and master in the academic world after Confucius.
I don't deny his contribution, but he is really not objective to academics and has no respect for literature.
The Western Han imperial family’s collection of bamboo slips filled with more than a dozen palaces and warehouses was originally extremely scattered and unsystematic. Countless people couldn’t sort it out for two hundred years. It was Liu Xin who did it all by himself! Organize it into a book so that people can read it.
More than a dozen palaces, sorting out dozens of ancient documents, and making them spread are all thanks to him.
However, Liu Xin also 'lost', more books...
"Shan Hai Jing" is missing 14 articles, "Xunzi" has 322 articles, and only 32 articles remain.
There are three other changes, after him, only Zhou Yi remains.
"Lianshan", "Guizang", these two books, together with "Book of Changes", are collectively called the Three Changes. They are the 'Yi' used by people in the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties for divination and discussion.
'Easy' We all know that it describes various natural phenomena and historical events, using metaphors to convey ideas, teach principles, understand life and evaluate good and bad.
Similar things happened in ancient times, and it turned out to be inauspicious. Then you took this hang and happened to do similar things again, so it is also inauspicious.
Of course, it’s just an example, it’s not that simple. ‘Yi’ is very complicated, and I don’t understand it, but it must be all-encompassing, recording all kinds of events in the world.
Why am I bringing this up?
Because of Chang'e's affairs, from our perspective, the earliest book with clear documents is "Gui Zang".
However, from the author of Huainanzi, to some scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, to the Jin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, some people say that the earliest source of Chang'e is "Shan Hai Jing".
This is so strange, I read the Book of Mountains and Seas, but I didn’t see Chang’e and Heng’e flying to the moon.
Yi did, he is a super talented person, I will talk about it later. In short, the Shan Hai Jing did not mention that he had a wife named Chang'e, nor did Chang'e fly to the moon.
Therefore, among the documents that have been discovered, it is the earliest mention in "Gui Zang".
The "Lianshan" and "Guitang" have been lost for more than a thousand years.
The first catastrophe, burning books and burying Confucianism.
Of course, the historical records say that all Confucian classics were burned, but that is not always the case. There are doubts about the ancient school, who believe that Qin Shihuang burned books of witch divination and killed alchemists.
I don't know what books Qin Shihuang burned, but don't forget, even according to this statement, "Lianshan" and "Guizang" are also books of witch divination. And it's Umbri's 'Bible'.
The alchemists fooled Qin Shihuang, and they should have taken the ancient events of Lianshan Guizang as their theoretical basis.
Whether it is Lianshan, Guizang, or Shanhaijing, they all mention elixir.
It's a pity that the alchemist couldn't get out the elixir, and nothing worked.
In order to unify ideology, by the way, Empress Qin Shi came to directly burn a large number of books about ancient myths and overseas customs, and went to the f*cking overseas fairy mountains!
By the way, many ancient books from the six countries were burned to promote the pace of the same text.
It is conceivable that the Book of Mountains and Seas should also be hit hard because of this...
Some people say that Confucianism accuses Qin Shihuang of burning books to confuse Confucianism, which is making chaos. It is clear that all books of witch divination were burned, and Confucian scholars were not murdered.
Here, I would like to say something to Confucianism, why did Confucianism blackmail Qin Shihuang's operation?
I won’t talk about other reasons. I don’t know which ancient books from the six countries were burned. I just say that he burned the Book of Changes, and that’s enough.
Among the Three Changes, the Zhou Yi is the first of the Five Confucian Classics. The Qin army searched for books from house to house. How many Confucian scholars must die in order to protect the Book of Changes? In the process of burning books and burying Confucianism, the Book of Changes suffered a devastating blow.
In the second calamity, Xiang Yu set fire to Xianyang.
This wave is really hurt, no matter what book it is, it will be burned for you!
Qin Shihuang swept away the universe, and Xianyang collected countless treasures from the six countries and precious classics.
A fire burned the sky and the earth was dark. This is the reason for the large decrease in the classics of the philosophers, and Qin Shihuang has been blamed.
How much is the loss? In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen and Jing collected a large number of ancient books, but found that many books were lost directly. For example, "The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Yi Li", "Shan Hai Jing" and other literatures.
Of course, not completely lost. There were also some charred fragments left, some with a few words left, and some with only a few bamboo pieces left, all of which were scattered and scattered one by one.
Here, let me say a word to Qin Shihuang. The first emperor burned the book and left you the fragments? Therefore, only Xiang Yu burned the city to save some.
These bamboo slips piled up more than a dozen palaces, and it was only during the Wang Mang period that many ancient prose in the pre-Qin period were sorted out.
Among them, "Lianshan" and "Guitang" have not been lost. It was lost in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the literati of all dynasties have been looking for it, but they can't find it.
During the Western Han Dynasty, these two books were still available, but why did they disappear in the Wei and Jin Dynasties? These are two extremely important books! As widely spread as the Book of Changes is, how widely should these two books be spread!
It was Liu Xin who was in charge of sorting out the Three Changes. That's right, it was this person again.
You don’t have to guess that he deleted Lianshan Guizang, he’s not so crazy, and he wouldn’t dare to delete these two books even if he had a hundred guts.
But the fact is... After Liu Xin sorted it out, scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded: ""Lianshan" is hidden in Lantai, and "Gui Zang" is hidden in Taibu".
During the Han Dynasty, there was a stone room for collecting books in the imperial palace, which was called Lantai as the central archival library.
Taibu is an official of Taichang, the head of the Nine Ministers, who is responsible for divination for major national events.
Hidden... Liu Xin sorted out dozens of ancient Chinese classics, and all of them have been handed down. In fact, this is exactly the purpose of asking him to proofread books—to make them easier to spread.
As a result, these two classics used by Xia and merchants, which were juxtaposed with the Book of Changes, were shelved...
Then, you understand that if it is not widely spread, it will be easily lost.
The third robbery is here.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo set fire to Luoyang...
I don’t know if these two classics were burned. After all, many literati at that time, such as Cai Hu, went to rescue many classics.
"Gui Zang" is relatively remote, and it may be missing, but "Lian Shan" is in Lantai, which is an important collection of books and should be rescued.
Unfortunately, this is not over yet.
The fourth catastrophe, in the fifth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xiongnu attacked Luoyang, killed more than 30,000 Jin officials and people, captive Jin Huaidi, burned Luoyang City, and Luoyang was reduced to ashes.
All right, no one will rescue him this time. Last time Dong Zhuo moved his capital, this time he directly massacred the city. I don’t know how many classics were destroyed.
After that, "Lianshan" and "Guizang" were lost.
Having said so much, you may be surprised that it has been lost. Why do you still say Chang'e, the earliest clear written record is "Gui Zang"?
Because of this book, after being lost for more than a thousand years, it was dug out from Hubei in the year I was born...
It was a Chu tomb from the Warring States period. Except for the coffin, there were no bronzes, gold, or jade. There were only some pottery and a pile of bamboo slips.
In the bamboo slips, there are all ancient documents of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, among which is the "Gui Zang" of Shang Zhiyi.
Throughout the dynasties, there have been countless wars, and many ancient documents have been lost, so that today, we can see very little of the Xia, Shang, Zhou and even ancient documents.
So much so that we can only understand the ancient ancestors from what people in the Han Dynasty and later said.
However, the people of the Han Dynasty knew the ancient times of a hammer.
So thanks to the burial system, the pre-Qin things are all dug out by ourselves. Although it is a waste of social wealth, if everyone really listens to Mozi and implements thin burials, then everything will definitely be lost.
I am really looking forward to when a copy of the Classic of Mountains and Seas of the Zhou Dynasty will be dug up.
When you get here, you must be very annoyed: I want to see Chang'e, what are you talking about with me!
As I said, this is an episode of the Shan Hai Jing Interpretation Series, not the main text of the Interpretation Series...
Because there is really no Chang'e in the current version of Shan Hai Jing. Although many people say that Chang'e originated from Shan Hai Jing, at least there is no such thing now.
To sum up, except for the description of Chang’e in the posthumous chapter of the early version of Shan Hai Jing, which has been lost, then what we know is only the collection of this book, which has the most say about Chang’e.
Assuming that the credibility of Shan Hai Jing is 100, then the credibility of Gui Zang is at least 70 or 80.
"Gui Zang": "In the past, Heng'e stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and took it for a month. In the future, the pieces will be occupied by Youhuang. You Huang Zhanzhi said: 'Good luck. Pianpian returns to my sister, and I will go west alone. Meet the sky. Huimang, don't be alarmed, don't be afraid, and there will be great prosperity'. Heng'e entrusted her body to the moon as a toad."
You have all seen that, you don’t need to take out anything from Shan Hai Jing, just the Shang Dynasty version, you can directly refute the claim that Chang’e stole Yi’s elixir.
In the Guizang of the Shang Dynasty, it was clearly written that Heng'e stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West! Has something to do with Dayi?
In addition, there is another detail here, that is, after taking the elixir, Chang'e planned to go to the moon, but before she went, she asked someone for divination!
This again refuted the claim that after taking the elixir, Chang'e flew to the moon involuntarily.
She is in a state where she can go or not, and she can go wherever she wants.
In this state, there is a high probability that Chang'e stole the elixir premeditatedly with motives.
"Take it for a month, and you will go."
That is to say, after stealing and eating, prepare to go to the moon after eating.
But she panicked, offended the Queen Mother of the West, and stole the elixir. According to the Shan Hai Jing, we know that this is obviously a very serious matter!
Because it is recorded in Shan Hai Jing that someone stole the elixir and was executed directly.
So, Chang'e was worried that she would be cold. Although she really wanted to go to the moon, she asked a man named 'Youhuang' before she left: What will happen after my trip?
The 'You Huang' said: "Good luck, eat chicken tonight. You will fly back this time, and you will go west alone. When you encounter dark weather, don't panic. There will be great light in the future."
Note that Guimei in Pianpian Guimei is a hexagram in Guizang, which has a special meaning.
It's hard for me to explain the specifics, but "Guimei" can generally be thought of as: "When a woman marries to be someone else's concubine, she must be patient and can walk on one leg", "When you encounter dissatisfaction, don't be irritable, you can see with one eye", " Marriage date has been postponed, don't worry, new date will be better'…
All in all, I talked about moving forward, turning a blind eye and closing one eye, and an optimistic attitude towards life.
This also corresponds to the following statement. When encountering dark and dull weather, don’t panic, there will be great light after getting through.
Chang'e was very happy after hearing this, so she settled down on the moon and became a toad.
Above, this is what we can see, the earliest Chang'e legend.
Boldly guess, why did you go to the moon after taking the elixir? Thinking about it logically, there must be something about the moon that she particularly wanted to visit.
She risked her life and stole the elixir just to go to the moon.
It may be very risky and dangerous, but after going through the darkness, there will be an infinite road of light!
That is to say, when she arrives on the moon, she can rely on her status of taking the elixir to have the life she dreamed of having.
And Chang'e knew what she would get, so she took the risk and tried her best to steal the medicine, and wanted to go to the moon to fight for her fate! Either doomed, or fate changed!
But this time, there is no turning back! So she panicked again, so she asked a very authoritative person, a person who was not afraid of Queen Mother Xi at all, and her status was no less than Queen Mother West: What will happen in the future on my trip to the moon?
The man told Chang'e: You will succeed, don't worry, don't panic, don't be afraid, everything will pass, and your future will be bright!
It's a pity, this is a book of changes after all, although it tells the story of Chang'e, it must express a certain attitude towards life and philosophy of life...
So what is there on the moon, and why Heng'e took such a risk? Although I can continue to speculate, it will seem very groundless.
So let me stop for a while, let me talk about the evolution of the Chang'e story recorded in Guizang.
Then I reversed it based on the law of its evolution, and deduced the Chang'e incident that was "possibly recorded" in the "not yet found" ancient books of Shan Hai Jing.
That is to say, according to the development of the story after Guizang, combined with the consistent writing style of Shan Hai Jing, and the possible background of the five emperors in ancient times, we can speculate what would happen if Chang'e was really recorded in the ancient Shan Hai Jing.
start!
When it comes to Chang'e, we have to mention Dayi!
However, through Gui Zang, we know that Chang'e did not steal Dayi's elixir, but the Queen Mother of the West.
In Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions" in the Warring States Period, Yi was written, but Chang'e was not mentioned.
It is recorded in "Huainanzi" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon. I was so sad that I couldn't continue it."
It means that Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the medicine of immortality, but Heng'e stole it. Dayi was very uncomfortable and could not continue.
Let’s talk about the mainstream understanding first. Most people believe that Dayi got the elixir from the Queen Mother of the West and was stolen by Heng’e to fly to the moon. Dayi was very uncomfortable and never married a wife.
I'm sorry, I don't agree with this statement. This is the understanding of people in later generations who were first misled by myths.
To interpret this sentence, we must consider the background of the times at that time.
First of all, this sentence does not say that Heng'e is Dayi's wife!
Some people may think: Isn't it very uncomfortable to say that there has been no remarriage since then? Doesn't this prove that Heng'e was originally Dayi's wife?
No, this translation is wrong, 'no continuation' should not be translated as no continuation.
When did the allusion to the continuation appear? On Baidu Encyclopedia, it is written that the sequel originates from the story of Boya Ziqi. But the classics that hold this statement were written by a Qing Dynasty author. I think he just took the literal meaning out of the text, and based on the word continuation, he was forced to think it was Boya Ziqi. Please don't trust Baidu Encyclopedia.
As early as the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hua's "Natural History" wrote the real source in the second volume: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xihai state owned five liang of rubber, and the emperor paid for the foreign warehouse. The remaining rubber half liang was worn by the Western envoy. Afterwards, Emperor Wu shot at Ganquan Palace, the bowstring of the emperor broke, and the follower wanted to stretch it again. The envoy from the west went in and begged to continue it with the lingering gum that he had given. There were no surprises on the left and right. , in order to break the string, the two ends are connected, and the strings meet each other. The emperor ordered the strongmen to lead each end, and they would never leave each other. The Western envoy said: "You can shoot, and it will continue all day long." Said: 'Continued String Glue'."
This paragraph is very long. Anyway, after this incident spread, later generations gradually used this allusion to refer to the broken relationship and the relationship between husband and wife, and later it was derived into continued marriage.
So when was the author of "Huainanzi"? The author is Liu An, king of Huainan, who is the uncle of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This book was compiled by a group of disciples, with the purpose of targeting the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early days of his enthronement and opposing the reforms of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
After Liu An rebelled, he was defeated and died. When he died, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was only thirty-four years old.
It was also the year when Liu An died. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first learned from Zhang Qian, who had returned from his envoy to the Western Regions, that there was a trade route leading to India from Shuchuan.
In summary, when "Huainanzi" wrote "Yi was sad and mournful, and there was no way to continue it", there was no allusion of "continuing strings"!
Because, ten thousand steps back, even before "Huainanzi" was written, the envoy of Xihai Kingdom had already met Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the "continuation" happened between the two, that time was not enough to spread the word to the world and form an allusion.
You must know that such a thing as the continuation of string glue has nothing to do with marrying a wife. It must have been well-known first, and gradually fermented over time, and gradually derived the meaning of "remarrying and marrying a wife".
So in the book "Huainanzi", this allusion will never be used so naturally. The social background at that time did not make sense to translate these four words into "marry another wife".
So there is nothing to continue, what does it mean?
is very simple, it means to continue and continue.
"Erya": continue, continue.
"Zhou Li·Towel Car": "It will be renewed every year".
"Historical Records · Xiang Yu Benji": The continuation of the death of Qin Dynasty.
Before the Han Dynasty, if the subject is a person, animal, or country, it generally refers to the continuation of time.
So what does 'unable to' mean? It means 'nothing can...'. There is nothing in return, that is, there is nothing in return.
To sum up, the meaning of "nothing to continue" means "nothing can extend his time", and contextually, it means "no longer can continue his life".
As for the first sentence, there is another detail that has been misunderstood throughout the ages.
That’s ‘invite the medicine of immortality to Queen Mother of the West’, it’s a ‘please’, not a ‘get’!
If you want to express that Yi got the elixir, you should write "The Queen Mother of the West gave Yi the elixir, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon".
In this case, the meaning is clear, Heng'e stole it from Yi.
But it is not, what is written here is, 'Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon'.
If it is written like this, Yi may not have obtained the elixir...he may still be requesting it.
So, for "Huainanzi": "Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the medicine of immortality, and Heng'e stole it to fly to the moon. I was so sad that I couldn't continue it."
My translation is: Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West to give him the medicine of immortality, but the Queen Mother of the West told him that the medicine was stolen by Chang'e and went to the moon. So Yi was very sad and sad, and there was nothing to continue his life.
Of course, it doesn’t matter if it’s not translated into continuation of life. Just use the simplest meaning of continuation, which can be translated into: He is very uncomfortable, and there is nothing to keep him going.
Continuing this is likely to go a step further and get the 'follow-up' that I should have.
For example, promotion and salary increase... Just kidding, but the meaning can be this way.
Yi was the one who was supposed to be qualified to take the elixir, go to the moon, have some kind of follow-up, and change his destiny.
The result was cut off...
"Shan Hai Jing·Hai Nei Jing": "Emperor Jun bestowed Yitong with a bow and a simple mat to help the country, and Yi was the first to relieve the hardships of going to the land." '
In fact, this is not the only place where Yi is written in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Because I am not the main lecturer, otherwise the space is too long to write here, so I will post this paragraph.
In short, Yi is a great hero. He was appointed by the superior to help the people on the ground and deal with various disasters.
Moreover, it is obvious that Yi is also known to everyone, and belonged to the "common sense level" in ancient times.
He is extremely powerful in the Shan Hai Jing. How strong it is will be discussed later.
Return to Chang'e.
Yi's merits are even eligible to become emperor, but he may not want to, or other reasons.
Anyway, he is definitely qualified to get the elixir. Probably when the superior sent him the task, he promised: After you finish those things, he will give you the elixir, send you to the moon, leave here...and become one of us.
In the Shan Hai Jing, the Queen Mother of the West is in charge of the elixir. The share of the first batch of elixir is basically obtained from the Queen Mother of the West.
All in all, Yi's task is completed, and the credit is in place. He came to Queen Mother Xi and asked her to give him the elixir.
As a result, Yi came happily, but left in despair. Heng'e stole the elixir of immortality that was first approved by Ben Yue.
Here you may have questions, why, just one elixir?
First of all, it may indeed be very rare, because the emperor sent Yi to carry out the task and promised to give medicine, so he approved one and kept it with Queen Mother of the West, and waited for Yi to complete the task to receive the reward.
Secondly, the undead medicine and "some kind of follow-up to the moon" are a set. And this spot has already been taken by Heng'e. And it's been a long time, and I can't go back on it.
When the next batch arrives, Dayi may have died of old age, so he said 'there is no way to continue'. For a while, there was nothing to live on.
The third possibility, that is, my previous speculation that Yi was promised to be drugged was wrong.
Di just sent him to work, but did not promise him anything.
Yi's contribution is enough to be the emperor, but he wants the medicine of immortality more, so he is unwilling to be the emperor. He wants to use this credit to ask the Queen Mother of the West to exchange it for a medicine of immortality.
To sum up, it is the joint interpretation of "Gui Zang" and "Huai Nan Zi".
You will find that the perspective changes from Heng'e to Yi.
On the one hand, what Heng'e did, and on the other hand, what happened from Yi's perspective after Heng'e finished.
This story begins to shift from the heroine to the hero.
So what's next? After the Western Han Dynasty, what happened to the legend?
they got married…
Heng'e officially became Dayi's wife in the literature.
The first person who said that Chang'e was Dayi's wife was a man named Gao You in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He annotated "Huainanzi" and added his own interpretation.
In fact, in the era of Gaoyou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the allusion of "continuing strings" should have already started to be used.
People at that time, according to the description in "Huainanzi", and then the society began to spread that Chang'e stole the medicine of immortality from her husband. This is what I called the "mainstream understanding" before.
All Gao You who have this idea, just comment on it: Heng'e, Yi's wife.
Dang Dang Dang! Just these four words have a far-reaching impact! Directly issued a marriage certificate to the two ancient figures!
After this point, the folks in the Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties were overjoyed, Yo! love story! Still stealing her husband's elixir? I ate this melon!
The relevant legends are getting richer and richer, and the process of the two falling in love to parting is becoming more and more detailed! Even who the third party was and why they stole the medicine became more and more clear as time went by! Names and surnames! The lines are rich and colorful, and the psychological activities are getting deeper and deeper!
From then on, until today, everyone thinks that Chang'e and Dayi are husband and wife.
I won’t talk about specific myths, you all know it.
Does it feel like Nuwa Fuxi? First, the two seem to have nothing to do with each other, and then their stories get together, and then they get married, the man is the protagonist with countless halos, and the woman is a vassal, even a criticized role.
So the legend of Yi became more and more abundant as the time went by.
It is worth mentioning that people in the Tang Dynasty began to add dramas to Chang'e again, referring to Chang'e as "Moon Jing", which actually means the moon god, don't get me wrong.
In addition, she began to say that she did not steal the medicine, but ate it herself to protect the medicine from being snatched by bad guys. As a result, he couldn't help himself and flew to the moon.
But as I said before, the Shang Dynasty's "Gui Zang" clearly stated that Heng'e was going to go to the moon after eating, but she hadn't left yet. When she was about to leave, she found a person named 'Youhuang' to divination good and bad luck, and told me How about this trip.
It can be seen from this that there is no such thing as involuntary ascension.
In addition, it is absolutely impossible to protect the medicine. The earliest record is "stealing". All the records about Chang'e before the Tang Dynasty are all "stealing medicine", and "stealing" is the core keyword of this story.
Chang'e briefly rose to status after the Tang Dynasty, and then continued to be reduced to a vase. Generally speaking, the protagonist is Yi, and Chang'e is a vassal.
That is to say, conversely, during the period of the Five Emperors in ancient times, if this incident was recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, then Heng'e should be the central character of the whole story.
In the tombs of the Han Dynasty, there is a picture of Chang'e flying to the moon. In the picture, Chang'e has a human head and a snake body, or even a human head and a dragon body, because it has legs like dragon claws.
And the moon she flies to has a toad drawn in the middle. This is in line with "Gui Zang".
However, it did not turn into a toad, but there were toads on the moon where Chang'e went.
Note that this is a cultural relic, reflecting the Han Dynasty. They believed that Chang'e, like Nuwa and Queen Mother of the West, had a human head and a snake body.
However, "Huainanzi" did not mention this matter.
After thinking about it, there is only one possibility, that is, the authors of "Huainanzi", including scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, think it is not important.
Even, it is the Western Han version of "Shan Hai Jing", which describes that Heng'e is a snake with a human head! So Western Han scholars know this image.
But why the human head and the snake body, and how this image came about, they don't know.
Who is Heng'e? Is he an ancestor? No, what did she invent? Stealing the elixir of the Queen Mother of the West is not mending the sky, controlling the floods, or shooting the sun. There is nothing to praise, so I think it is meaningless and I don't understand it very well.
So only focus on the key points, extract Chang'e's deeds, and integrate them with Dayi's story. The matter of stealing medicine is told from the perspective of Dayi, with Dayi as the protagonist.
In addition, there is another possibility that can be explained, that is, people in the Western Han Dynasty believed that Chang'e was Chang Xi. You should all know this saying. Chang Xi was born in December, and Heng'e is also the moon god, so the two are actually the same person.
I have a lot to refute about this, but I can’t write it here, so I won’t talk about it.
In short, let’s get down to business.
According to Heng'e's image evolution, legend evolution, and status evolution. We can deduce it backwards, in ancient times, or in the ancient version of Shan Hai Jing.
First, Heng'e is the core person, and even her status may be very high, at least she cannot be an ordinary person with certain abilities, otherwise how would she steal the medicine? It's just because she 'gone'... so there are not many rumors about Heng'e's past, only the story of stealing medicine and flying to the moon has been handed down.
Second, Heng'e and Dayi are not husband and wife, and they don't even know each other at all. At most, they know Dayi and Queen Mother of the West has medicine, so they steal it. Yicai went to the Queen Mother of the West to ask for the elixir.
The two, in fact, have no intersection! This point is reflected in "Gui Zang", how can we talk about "Shan Hai Jing"?
But it may be because Dayi asked for medicine and learned that Queen Mother of the West's medicine was stolen by Heng'e, so he knew that there was such a person, and then Dayi passed this matter down.
If Dayi hadn't spread the story, the Heng'e incident would probably be extremely obscure and confidential, and it would only be spread among the emperor and the Queen Mother of the West, and ordinary people would never know about it.
Remember what I said, there is a record in the Shan Hai Jing that someone who stole medicine was executed?
It is possible that Heng'e succeeded in stealing the medicine, which made many people follow suit, but they were hit by the gun.
Third, Heng'e has a human head and a snake body, which should be mentioned in the "Shan Hai Jing". It's just that after the Western Han Dynasty, this text was lost.
Fourth, Heng'e can't fly after taking medicine, which was only said in the Tang Dynasty.
Before that, it was only said to steal medicine and go to the moon, Heng'e should have some kind of channel to go to the moon. This kind of channel may require the elixir to pass through.
Fifth... Speaking of which, it's time for me to reveal a fact that I concealed earlier.
That is the record in "Gui Zang", in fact, I changed two words.
In the bamboo slips of the Chu tomb in the Warring States Period, the real text on "Gui Zang" is actually: "In the past, I always stole the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and took it for a month. In the future, I will occupy it in Youhuang. There is Huang Zhanzhi." "Auspicious. Pianpian is returning to my sister, and I will go west alone. When the sky is dark, don't be alarmed or afraid, and the future will be prosperous." Heng I entrusted myself to the moon, and it was the toad."
That’s right, it’s not the word Heng, nor the word E!
The record in the Book of Changes of the Shang Dynasty "Gui Zang" is "Heng Wo".
Is it male or female, I don’t know!
If the name is Heng Wo, it should be a man!
Later generations, for some purpose, defined this existence as a woman. After the **** change, I began to think that "I" is actually the abbreviation of "E".
So Hengwo became Heng'e.
Because of avoiding the taboo of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty Liu Heng, the word Heng was changed to Heng.
Afterwards, it was used as a synonym, and Heng should be changed to Chang'e, which became Chang'e as we know it in later generations.
The shape of the font changes, which can be complicated before, and become less and more concise. There are very few pictographic characters that were originally simple, but later evolved into complex characters.
Especially on the women's side, it's almost impossible to abbreviate. Other characters can have abbreviations, but it is different for women's side, because the important surnames in ancient times all have 'female'.
Will 'Ji' be abbreviated as 'Chen'? Will 'Si' be abbreviated as 'Yi'?
There was a word e for a long time ago. This character is a commonly used character.
Also, the oracle bone inscriptions of the characters 'I' and 'E' are both evidenced by excavated cultural relics. The oracle bone inscriptions of the two characters are actually very different... Female is a radical that must not be missed.
Of course, everything is not absolute, it may be shorthand, and I am not an authority.
But here, let me think that if it is written in Gui Zang, it is even more so in the older "Shan Hai Jing".
So, what does 'constant self' mean? In oracle bone inscriptions, the word "I" is the pictogram of a person holding a sword, which means the royal family and nobles.
'e's oracle bone inscriptions mean a royal woman, aristocratic woman.
heng is the image of the pictographic moon gradually becoming full. It means long-lasting, permanent, and lasting.
From the meaning of understanding, to always be in front, to use, is the meaning of "make me eternal"!
'I' is a royal family, which can be extended to mean 'make me an eternal royal family'!
Combined with the core of the story of "I used to steal the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West and take it for a month".
The one who steals the medicine may really be called 'Heng Wo', which has no special meaning.
If there is a special meaning, it means that he is actually an 'Anonymous'.
Gender unknown, deeds unknown, name unknown. But 'Eternal Me' is a dream that every nobleman wanted to achieve in ancient times.
Take the elixir, go to the moon, enter the toad, keep me!
This is a set of semi-public secrets and procedures circulated among the royal families at that time, and many people want to complete the road to heaven.
And this dream, the normal channel, is like Yi, relying on merit and virtue.
Abnormal channels are stealing!
And ‘Heng Wo’ was the first person to steal. Turned into a human-headed snake body, passed the channel verification that humans cannot pass through, entered the toad from the moon, and left.
Who is this person, the world hardly knows, and maybe even Queen Mother Xi herself doesn't know!
Yes, I don’t know who stole it. If I knew, then I should have failed in the end.
It was because he didn't know, so this person didn't even have a name, so he named it 'Heng Wo'.
Yi went to look for Queen Mother Xi full of hope, but Queen Mother Xi was also very embarrassed and careless. He never thought that this group of ignorant fools would steal his own elixir!
The Queen Mother of the West could only tell Dayi: Someone stole my medicine, landed on the moon, entered the toad, and left.
Yi was very desperate about this, he was miserable and frustrated, because the short life of human beings was no longer enough for him to persist until the next batch of medicine.
All his efforts were for naught and he missed this opportunity forever.
At this point, the story of 'Eternal Self' has been widely spread throughout the world. The kings and gods from all over the world heard about this kind of thing, and they said in their hearts: What? Still can steal?
Obviously, after this incident, it is no longer possible for humans to steal the elixir.
The first time was a fluke, there can be no second time.
The matter of "Constant Self" has become a swan song, so that it is used directly, specifically referring to the only person who succeeded that year.
In the name of this road to heaven, let this anonymous person have this unique name.
Legendary! The only legend.
His legend has been handed down, but in the era when the ancient things have been forgotten, the world only wonders: What ghost legend is this? Steal medicine? Flying to the moon? What's next? meaning? What did you teach? Greedy?
So this legend has never been taken seriously, and it is only used as an example of becoming a fairy.
Ancient ancestors, whoever has deeds passed down to this day, must have virtue!
Even if it is a villain, there must be a decent one to set it off.
'Heng Wo Stealing Medicine and Flying to the Moon', as a separate legend, spread to the Zhou Dynasty and was finally exploited.
began to fuse him with another hero who was involved in the elixir, that is, Dayi.
And for this purpose, as a villain, he turned him into a woman.
Later, the old routine, you get married.
So, a brand new legend of Hengwo appeared, no, it should be the legend of Dayi, adding another touch. Heng I blended into it and became a supporting role.
The values of the Chinese have been gradually changing. Every time a dynasty arrives, the myth will be biased towards the values at that time.
So repeated enrichment, change, after fusion.
A legendary ascension against the sky, so inexplicably, his **** turned into a woman, married to Dayi, and became a "hero, beauty, love, family ethics drama", and was even molested by Zhu Bajie!
Now that you’re here, you probably think it’s over, right? Thirteen thousand words...
But no, because there is another key person, you should not ignore.
'Yellow'!
As I said earlier, it was Dayi who asked the Queen Mother of the West to distribute the medicine, and then learned about it and spread it.
This is just a possibility.
The legend may have been spread through other channels.
Because before "Huainanzi", there is no document record, Dayi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir.
As I said, Dayi was forcibly pulled in by later generations to make up for the particularly immoral story of "Heng Wo stealing medicine". Inspired by the story of "Heng Wo Stealing the Medicine", it just strengthened a wave of Dayi.
So there is no Dayi in the story, and there is no Dayi from the beginning to the end!
The records in "Gui Zang" have clearly shown that, apart from 'Heng Wo' himself, 'You Huang' is the only one who knows!
do you remember? I pointed out a sentence earlier: Chang'e found a person who was not afraid of the Queen Mother of the West, and whose status was no less than that of the Queen Mother of the West.
Why did I say that, because "Heng Wo" dared to tell him this matter, and asked him for advice: After I do this, what will happen to my trip to the moon?
This in itself already shows that 'Youhuang' is very awesome.
'You Huang' is also very powerful, he told 'Heng Wo': "Son, just go! You will encounter darkness, but don't be scared, don't be afraid, there will be infinite light in the end!"
'Heng Wo' was very happy and left.
Only those who are true to Queen Mother Xi, can 'Heng Wo' believe him.
Of course, it is also possible that 'Heng Wo' is the child of 'You Huang'.
But this incident can be passed down and recorded in "Gui Zang", which shows the confidence of "You Huang".
Even if 'Hengwo' is a pseudonym, 'Youhuang' may also be a pseudonym, but as long as there is no proof, it's fine.
And very likely, it was 'You Huang' who taught 'Heng Wo' to do this!
He told 'Heng Wo', when, where, and how to steal the elixir, what the elixir looks like, eat it immediately after getting it, and then go to the moon from what channel...
This series may have been secretly told by 'You Huang' to his children after he knew about it in a certain capacity.
Originally, this method was not circulated in the world, because it was a secret, so Queen Mother Xi was not prepared, and then let 'Hengwo' succeed by luck.
There are no more than five, or even fewer, people who have this kind of confidence, this kind of news source, and their descendants are mortals.
So who is 'You Huang'?
I guess, it is the Yellow Emperor.
First of all, the 'Hengwo' event must be a very early event. If it is too late, everyone will know about the elixir, and it will not be so easy to succeed.
Secondly, I mentioned that the name 'You Huang' is not something everyone can use.
'有' is an affix, usually added in front of the name.
The "Huang" appeared many times in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and was sacrificed to a very high standard by the Shang kings of all dynasties. It is an ancestor with a high status.
The "You Huang" in Yin Shang's "Gui Zang" basically means that the Yellow Emperor did not run away.
And the Yellow Emperor is indeed worthy of the Queen Mother of the West, which is reflected in the Shan Hai Jing.
Yellow Emperor recorded this incident, and after his death, someone discovered this incident and spread it one after another.
This is the only case among all the original legends throughout the ages, and it is clearly recorded that the successful case of ascending to heaven after taking the elixir of death.
Besides this, all the records in Shan Hai Jing are failure cases.
It is rumored that after the completion of the merits and virtues of the Yellow Emperor, he ascended to heaven with the dragon and left on the dragon.
Will it be the end, becoming a snake?
There is no evidence for this, I should still be the Yellow Emperor and die in the end.
But although the Yellow Emperor died, he managed to send one of his descendants to the dark and boundless space.
There is nothing more "dark" than the moon and space.
But the other side of the long dark road is infinite light.
Persevere and endure, you can walk with one foot and see with one eye!
The night will pass, and the light will come.
This is the story of the only person who ascended against the sky, and his father.
Later generations called it: "Chang'e Flies to the Moon!"
"Shan Hai Jing Cang Yue Apocrypha": "South of the West Sea, on the shore of quicksand, behind Chishui and before Heishui, there is a big mountain called Kunlun Hill. There are people holding a coin, a human head, and a dragon body, called Hengwo, Steal the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and take it for the moon. When it passes away, it will be occupied by Huang. Huang will occupy it and call it auspicious. I will entrust myself to the moon as a toad."
"Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Xi Jing": "In the east of Huashan Qingshui, there is a mountain named Zhaoshan. Some people call it Baizigao, and Baizigao goes up and down here, as far as the sky."
"Shan Hai Jing Hainei Bei Jing": "The corpse of Wang Ziye, his hands, legs, chest, head, and teeth were all broken in different places."
