Chapter 154: Let the lead glass poison other people's heads while we count the money
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The priests discussed what Rurik had done, and they had different opinions.
Unexpectedly, the child came in person at night.
After all, it was his decision. Bona greeted Rurik with a smile, and didn't intend to mention these things again.
"Rurik, you are here so late, something special?"
"Yes." Rurik looked left and right, and deliberately sniffed the air: "Now soap production looks normal."
Only in this matter, Bona is particularly proud. She pinched her waist happily, "We are trying our best to buy the whale oil, whether it is the best whale brain oil or the oil from fish skin (they think whales are also fish), I will try to buy it."
"Or is it made at a rate of forty yuan a day?" Rurik asked.
"Yeah, if you have special needs, I will find a way to speed up. Maybe I still have to call those help girls again."
"No need." Rurik waved his hand, he really felt that this speed was okay.
In general, even if the priests personally buy processed materials and then make finished products, they can only earn 20% of the gross profit, they still think that the transaction is cost-effective.
Because just for ordinary people's food and food expenses, two silver coins a month are more than enough. Besides, the priests are very special. They are a small group of people who never worry about eating.
Basically, every priest can earn nearly one silver coin a day without leaving home to work. They hardly consume, and no one in the Ross tribe actively produces consumer goods. No, many priests melted silver coins to make silver bracelets and rings.
A maximum of ten silver coins were paid to them every day, and only three hundred in a month.
For this reason, the current Rurik’s most optimistic estimate is that one thousand two hundred air-dried high-end goods can be obtained in one month.
Rurik firmly believes that Gould, the big merchant who has made a lot of money, returns, and will buy them all without hesitation.
He settled: "Bona, I have no opinion on your soap work. Now, I need something else."
"What is it?"
"It's the salt-like crystals precipitated from the plant ash solution. I need it!" At this point, Rurik suddenly thought, "All you priests try to do it. I... give me a pound, and I will give you ten. silver."
"Really?" Bonaben's tired face suddenly trembled.
"I have made a decision, I hope you can build me a pound tomorrow morning."
The request was issued, and Liu Rick was not staying.
She returned home soon and had to be forced to talk to her mother about those things during the day.
Proud? Proud?
No, Rurik was still thinking about glassware.
Early in the morning, Rurik went to check the ash deposits he needed.
Bona's wrinkled face seemed to be wearing sunglasses, her dark circles were amazing, and her pace became trembling even after she hadn't slept all night.
To make matters worse, Bona has a strong smoky smell, and the reason is very simple. These priests burned the dead branches and leaves all night to get so many crystals.
"Rurik, this is what you want." Bona tremblingly carried the small linen bag and opened it immediately.
Inspection? of course.
Rurik subconsciously stretched out his little finger and touched a bit of this strange crystal, and gently touched the tip of his tongue. The extreme bitterness instantly made his scalp numb, and his whole person shuddered.
"how do you feel?"
"That's the taste." Rurik said excitedly.
Bona looked puzzled, "This is another key to making soap. Do you think it is... delicious? Obviously very bitter."
"I need it because of the bitterness."
Rurik happily got the package of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate mixed crystals, and regardless of whether it was a standard one pound or not, he gave ten silver coins to Bona.
In the morning, train the children normally. This time, Rurik ordered them to bring their wooden bowls.
The fish is in the pot, and the cooked meat is picked up one after another. The situation today is exactly the same as yesterday. The children used their own bowls to fill the meat, and then directly picked up the fish with their hands, feasting like a hungry wolf.
They will get more nutrition than others, and their physical fitness will be improved. Of course, this improvement is still not enough in Rurik's view.
Although they are children, if they have training every morning, their physical energy consumption throughout the day may have two thousand calories.
Even if they are children.
They stopped eating the meat and walked back to their homes one after another.
Rurik stayed in the "large meat-eating scene" with his waist pinched, with Kanuf and Fisk still beside him.
He patted his pocket on his waist, "Let's go, follow me to the blacksmith's shop, I hope Clavasson succeeds."
Rurik believed in the level of that old guy. After all, he was someone who thought that metallurgy and gem setting could be well mastered.
As expected, Rurik carefully saw that Kravasson had really built the so-called "simple manual punching machine" according to the leak-picking drawings he provided.
This machine is placed in a blacksmith's shop that is ventilated on both sides. Because it has been completed, Kravasson will continue to do the carburizing and ironing work of his sword embryo.
Rurik finally came. This time Klavasen, who was desperate to show his achievements, not only stopped working, but immediately eagerly introduced his achievements.
It turned out that this senior blacksmith thought he was a very professional copper smelting master.
Just like pouring a bronze axe, Kravassen used mud mold pouring technology to make two necessary components.
The blacksmith's small stove can reach a high temperature of one thousand degrees with the help of a bladder blower.
Tin and lead are added to the bronze, making the melting point of the alloy low enough.
It is precisely because there is still a need to smelt bronzes that Klavasen dare to say that he has a large amount of lead on hand.
Two shiny bronzes can withstand at least one thousand degrees of high temperature, they are the core molds for pressing glassware.
The bronze ware with a groove on the lower end is a container, a bronze mortar. The short and thick bronze rod above, which is processed to be close to a cylinder, is the "punch" for pressing.
Although Kravasson is not particularly aware of the principle of leverage, he already knows the magical effect of leverage. After all, a crowbar is necessary to push the newly built ship into the sea.
He machined some wooden poles, and the lever connection was made of iron nails as bolts. He made this lever system according to the drawings, so that the bronze punch can enter the bronze mortar quite vertically.
Rurik opened his eyes to admire this manual press from the ninth century.
In fact, just as far as the machinery itself is concerned, this type of machinery is not surprising at all.
In Eastern Rome, similar equipment was used in the operation of grape juice extraction. The equipment of this principle is also ancient. The southern part of the Frankish Kingdom has also been a grape-producing area since ancient times. The locals are either unmarried girls using ordinary feet or wooden machinery. For the only preference, the nobles still hope that when they drink wine, they think of those girls.
Hundreds of years later, the Germans used this set of machinery, as well as the engraving and printing they learned from the far East, to start the printing era in the West.
It is the technique of Rurik's technique to press glass and directly make finished glassware. Those countries that can make glassware in time and space can't afford it at all.
Because the biggest reason is their material problems.
Rurik has decided that lead should be added to the raw material so that the molten glass will begin to melt at only six hundred degrees, and quickly become as viscous as honey.
As for the toxicity of lead, Rurik also decided to ignore it strategically.
After all, lead, a heavy metal, also determines toxicity by measurement. Lead glass is indeed poisonous. It is not a serious problem if it is not used to contain acid or wine. It is only used as a drinking glass.
After checking the machinery, Rurik suddenly asked, "Maybe, we can experiment with clay."
"I've done it." Clavasson smiled and pointed at the strange muddy mound.
"Huh? Fisk, help me get the mud." Rurik ordered casually.
Because of the powerful shaping ability of clay, it was stunned into the shape of a cup.
At this moment, Rurik ridiculed: "Haha, maybe we can produce a batch of clay cups like this? Can't it be fired?"
"I mean it." Clavasson said constructively. "Clay is easy to get, but it's a little harder to get the river sand you want."
"Then I have all the materials I want?"
"Yeah, I got everything you want. Only the third thing."
Rurik patted his waist: "It's here. I didn't even expect that the machinery I asked for could still produce clay embryos."
After all, Rurik does not believe that rough technology can make glasses very thin. Besides, compared with blown glassware, the pressing manufacturing process makes the glass must have a very thick base, and even the glass wall must be very thick. thick.
Rurik couldn't help but think of the cat's claw cup he remembered. For this little cutie worth 198, he also tried his hand speed, but finally failed.
However, the pressing industry of a small local glass factory used a cat's claw mold to press out the same glass at a very low cost.
As a cup, of course high boron glass is the best. But with the current technology, Rurik feels that it is not impossible to realize it, or it still needs technology accumulation.
Rurik unwrapped his linen bag, revealed these transparent crystals, and said to Kravasson, "This is the third raw material. What about the others? I want to see it right away. Don't dare anymore, let's start right away. .I hope we can succeed at night."
"Good!" Clavasson slapped his thigh and quickly went to get the materials.
Soon, a simple wooden table Kravasson put all the materials here.
What does it have?
A pile of sun-dried crystal clear sand with some impurities from a nearby stream.
A pile of dried, whitish processed quicklime.
There is also a pool of deliberately ground lead, specifically lead oxide powder.
Rurik nodded, and finally put on a packet of potassium-rich potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate mixture.
"What should I do next?" Kravasson asked.
Rurik pointed his little hand: "Put them into your hard pottery griddle, the one you poured bronze."
"In what proportion?"
A professional question, Rurik smiled, "Listen to me now."
Is glass liquid or solid? What is its essence? This matter cannot be explained clearly even in the 21st century.
But the principle of the method to make glass easier to process is very thorough.
Microscopically, after the molten silica cools, the molecules will do their best to arrange into hexagonal crystals. The deliberate addition of various alkaline ions such as calcium, potassium, and lead can interfere with its molecular structure.
This allows the glass to melt at a very low temperature, but it can never become a pure liquid.
When it starts to cool and solidify, these impurities can't destroy its stability, and even some special substances can make the glass more transparent and clear!
The main component of glass is silicon dioxide, Rurik vaguely remembers that the so-called lead glass, the lead content in glass may be as high as 20%. As for other formulas, it is also necessary to put some, such a large amount of alkali metal combined action, and ultimately make the glass easy to melt plastic.
In this respect, Rurik has only theory, he has never made glass himself, and now he is doing a bold experiment in the blacksmith's shop in Kravassen.
At least in the entire Viking world around the Baltic Sea, no one has yet to try to make glassware.
Rurik informs Clavasson of the proportions of the formula.
"That's the ratio? Are you sure?"
"Yes." Rurik said cautiously: "You just try this. If the effect is not good, we will adjust the ratio."
"Okay. Let's start now."
Compared to Rurik's caution, Klavasen is really full of fighting spirit. Looking at the various raw materials he obtained, no matter what he thought, he didn't think it could be related to natural crystals. But Rurik just kept saying that people can make artificial crystals.
The hard pottery crucible where Kravasson smelted bronze, and the debris in it was cleaned up. Next, put all kinds of raw materials that have become sand and soil into them.
The crucible was placed in the furnace, and then he put in a large amount of dry charcoal vertically, all operations were like burning bronze water.
The noble Rülik can't do the job of operating the airbag blower, and Kravasson asked the curious Kanuf and Fisk to do the job. The two children are very happy to try fresh toys, and the huge airbag is pushed up here.
With this strong intake of air, the flame also burst out quickly.
Rurik stood tall, staring at the crucible in the furnace.
I saw that the various raw materials inside really began to melt into a shiny paste.
Not only them, the whole crucible is also glowing.
Even Yururik felt that he saw a white flame. He can estimate that the two sweating attendants under his command have helped charcoal reach the limit of its calorific value.
The reason is that Kravasson’s so-called hard pottery crucible actually contains a large amount of iron. It has become a mixture of silicon and iron and has very good heat resistance.
Cravason is always paying attention to the changes in the crucible, and now he doesn't think the material changes inside the crucible are anything special.
"Rurik, I think... the glass you said reminds me of sticky slag."
"Yes, the **** removes the debris, and we can also get it." Rurik tried his best to answer calmly.
"Really? But the **** has just cooled, and it's a pile of fragile sand. Is it because of the impurities in it?"
"Of course. Let the fire continue to burn now! Clavasson, have you really studied the atomic theories I gave you? These debris contains a lot of carbon, and we must burn them! Finally! What you get is silica."
Anyway, I have already given a set of atomic theory. Although this theory is not the truth, it is at least more reliable than people in other places relying on subjective assumptions about everything in the world.
Besides, this theory of my own is completely correct in dealing with general chemical reactions.
Clavasson can understand but understand, but he has at least fully understood one thing, for example, flame is not a substance, but a "violent reaction when a substance is recombined."
Compared to sea sand, Rülik feels that river sand is the most suitable for glass. Of course, if you can get a lot of natural crystals, break them and melt them to make glass, that would be great. The reason why the sea sand is not so good is precisely because there must be a large number of tiny shells in it, and it is troublesome to remove these debris.
The crucible is being heated all the time, so Kravasson has filled a number of new charcoals to support the continued heating.
He gently shook the crucible with the tongs, and gradually noticed that the substance, which resembled molten slag, was indeed very different from the real slag.
It is definitely not the kind of viscous molten slag, and it is not the shiny and hot "water" like bronze water.
"Rurik, don't you think this thing is like honey?!" Clavasson teased deliberately.
"Huh? It looks similar, it's the kind of warm honey. I really didn't expect it to become so runny after adding lead."
"Is it all right now? It's been a long time." Clavasson urged, "Your two followers also seem to lack the strength to press the airbags."
"Then let's start!"
Rurik held his breath, and Kanuf and Fisk stood up out of breath. The three of them watched Clavasson clamp the crucible with pliers, and walked to the "simple manual punching machine."
Isn't Clavasson doing this kind of thing for the first time?
He tilted the crucible cautiously, staring at the paste-like molten material falling freely into the bronze mortar.
"Start? Rurik?" he asked.
Rurik hurried over. He poked his head lightly, and saw that the molten material in the bronze mortar had a clear tendency to cool down rapidly. "Let's get started! Once it cools we can no longer be plastic."
"Okay." Cravason moved down the lever handle: "Ah! I touched it. There is really a force that prevents me from continuing to press it down."
"Continue pressing. Until the level I designed." Rurik urged.
"Then I will use my strength." With a dull roar, Kravasson pressed the bronze punch to the designed limit.
Rurik was surprised to see that the still reddish melt, like butter, was squeezed out abruptly along the reserved annular gap.
Seeing this, Rurik did not hesitate to drew out his steel sword.
The sharp steel sword began to cut the molten material, and Rurik suddenly felt like cutting thick and hot **** candy. He finished the circular cut against the bronze punch rod, and the unnecessary leftovers were cut off.
"What should I do next? I lift it up?" Kravasson asked, before Rurik replied, the old guy had a tendency to lift up.
Rurik hurriedly ordered a ban.
"what's happenin?"
At this moment, Rurik suddenly thought of something, and in a panic he suddenly thought of annealing. Otherwise, the cooled glass will easily collapse by itself.
"Clavason." Ruriek ordered suddenly.
"What's the order?"
"Now let go and light a pile of firewood. Um... let the firewood burn naturally. I need the hot ashes inside."
"Ashes? Okay."
Ignition is very simple, just take some charcoal from the still burning stove, you can light a firewood outdoors. When the flames started to ignite, Rülik ordered his two attendants to look after the pile of firewood.
Clavasson came back, and he asked, "Is it all right now?"
"Okay, raise the lever. I don't think there should be resistance."
Rurik estimated that as the glass shrinks, the bronze rod responsible for the stamping will not have any resistance, but it turns out to be the case.
Now, the bronze mortar is no longer a reddish molten substance, it has completed its plasticity, and Rurik is satisfied to see that it has become transparent!
Although its temperature is still more than one hundred degrees, ordinary touch, like pulling it out with tongs, will not cause it to deform or disintegrate.
Clavasson did just that, and when he used pliers to clamp the glass out, he was shocked!
"Ah?! This? It's a crystal? Rurik, we made such a crystal glass? Oh, it's even wonderful. I'm going to put it in the water and see how he fills it."
"What? You want to quench? Never!" Rurik stopped one, and Clavasson sandwiched the light brown thick-bottomed and thick-walled pressed glass and put it into the bucket. Indeed, the glass instantly cooled down. Cravason took it in his hand and saw the scary crack on it.
Rurik stomped his feet with regret. He shouted: "How can you quench? This is not for ironing, it must not be quenched. Otherwise, why do you think I let you light a campfire? I want it to cool down slowly, only That way it won't crack."
"Is there such a particularity?" Cravason played with the quilt with three cracks in his hand, and then he lightly placed it on the wooden pillar, feeling it resembling a stone texture. It was just this knock, and suddenly, it completely shattered and fell to the ground and turned into many transparent and beautiful fragments.
Rurik knelt down and picked up the debris from the ground. Although it was a pity, when observing these fragments carefully, for an instant, a sense of trance across time and space suddenly occupied Rurik's mind.
In any case, these shards are indeed glass. Although it is not completely transparent, it has a light brown color. But this kind of texture is also a kind of beauty!
Rurik was no longer angry. After all, he was poorly prepared, and he didn't even use the original annealing equipment.
"Child, don't be angry, forgive my recklessness." Clavasson's tone was obviously coaxing Rurik, as if he was really coaxing an eight-year-old.
Rurik smiled and nodded: "For our ultimate success, we always have to fail once or twice. Now we can make up for the mistakes, let us consume all the materials."
After all, Rurik carefully picked up all the pieces so as not to scratch his hands.
With the experience of failure, the next job becomes easier.
Due to the fact that Kravasson prepared a lot of materials, especially the lead, that Rurik suspected that this old guy was also engaged in the silver-to-lead business.
Work on the new pressed glassware has begun, and the old but powerful Klavasen is still the main force.
The old guy couldn’t help but ask his soul: "Rurik, I remember what you said, it’s easy to do it with lead, and people will become stupid? Since you let me put so much lead powder in the raw materials, what if we use it? Wouldn't you also become a fool?"
"No." Rurik shook his head. "There is also lead in the bronze. I saw that the high priest had used the bronze cup to drink water for so many years. She had magically lived to be seventy years old. But she was still the wisest. people."
"That's true. But as you said, lead is poisonous."
"Its toxicity is true, but just using it to hold water, the toxicity can be ignored. Besides, maybe a person is sick and died before he becomes an old fool. Anyway, we don't put lead powder. You can also, the cup is still a cup, that is, it needs you to burn for a longer time, and you have to use more pressure."
"Oh?" Cravason smiled, "Then, I would rather use more effort than you would become a fool who drinks from a glass."
"Haha? Are you worried about me? Thank you. I have already decided that the glass with lead can be sold at a lower price, just a silver coin. As for my own use, of course no lead is added. Clavason~www .novelhall.com~ I will pay you. And you blacksmiths formed a guild, you can take care of the work of making glass. Or as usual, we sign an agreement, you split into hands to make glass, let’s discuss how to earn The share of money."
"Okay! At least to make this, even if a cup sells a silver coin, it is faster than I build a steel sword. Haha, I think it is true that we are discussing the matter, you will never agree to sell a cup for just a silver coin."
"That's true." Rurik suddenly thought that in this era, glass bottles were originally used to supply luxury goods for the nobles, and they were mainly consumers.
Poor home farmer? What they need to solve most urgently is the problem of metal farming tools. Wooden cups and wooden barrels are enough.
Since the buyer's market is like this, it is indeed absurd to say "a silver coin and a cup" without thinking.
In other words, you have to cheat those big players. Ten silver coins in a cup, isn't it? As long as it's cheaper than Gould's glass bottle!
Soon, Kravassen ran out of all the raw materials, specifically, because of all the potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate that Rurik used up first.
The glassware has not yet become a real finished product, at least they have become quite transparent. They are still hot enough to blanch cooked and raw meat!
A pile of firewood gradually becomes the last embers, and its temperature is still four hundred degrees! This temperature is not enough to soften the lead glass, but this firewood is the simplest "annealing furnace" Rurik can think of.
A total of twenty glasses were buried in the ashes in the shocked eyes of Kanuf and Fisk.
Clavasson asked, "Liurik, what should I do next?"
"We wait!"
"Wait until what is appropriate?"
"When the embers are completely gone, we take out the cup so that it won't break easily."
Please report us if you find any errors so we can fix it asap!
The priests discussed what Rurik had done, and they had different opinions.
Unexpectedly, the child came in person at night.
After all, it was his decision. Bona greeted Rurik with a smile, and didn't intend to mention these things again.
"Rurik, you are here so late, something special?"
"Yes." Rurik looked left and right, and deliberately sniffed the air: "Now soap production looks normal."
Only in this matter, Bona is particularly proud. She pinched her waist happily, "We are trying our best to buy the whale oil, whether it is the best whale brain oil or the oil from fish skin (they think whales are also fish), I will try to buy it."
"Or is it made at a rate of forty yuan a day?" Rurik asked.
"Yeah, if you have special needs, I will find a way to speed up. Maybe I still have to call those help girls again."
"No need." Rurik waved his hand, he really felt that this speed was okay.
In general, even if the priests personally buy processed materials and then make finished products, they can only earn 20% of the gross profit, they still think that the transaction is cost-effective.
Because just for ordinary people's food and food expenses, two silver coins a month are more than enough. Besides, the priests are very special. They are a small group of people who never worry about eating.
Basically, every priest can earn nearly one silver coin a day without leaving home to work. They hardly consume, and no one in the Ross tribe actively produces consumer goods. No, many priests melted silver coins to make silver bracelets and rings.
A maximum of ten silver coins were paid to them every day, and only three hundred in a month.
For this reason, the current Rurik’s most optimistic estimate is that one thousand two hundred air-dried high-end goods can be obtained in one month.
Rurik firmly believes that Gould, the big merchant who has made a lot of money, returns, and will buy them all without hesitation.
He settled: "Bona, I have no opinion on your soap work. Now, I need something else."
"What is it?"
"It's the salt-like crystals precipitated from the plant ash solution. I need it!" At this point, Rurik suddenly thought, "All you priests try to do it. I... give me a pound, and I will give you ten. silver."
"Really?" Bonaben's tired face suddenly trembled.
"I have made a decision, I hope you can build me a pound tomorrow morning."
The request was issued, and Liu Rick was not staying.
She returned home soon and had to be forced to talk to her mother about those things during the day.
Proud? Proud?
No, Rurik was still thinking about glassware.
Early in the morning, Rurik went to check the ash deposits he needed.
Bona's wrinkled face seemed to be wearing sunglasses, her dark circles were amazing, and her pace became trembling even after she hadn't slept all night.
To make matters worse, Bona has a strong smoky smell, and the reason is very simple. These priests burned the dead branches and leaves all night to get so many crystals.
"Rurik, this is what you want." Bona tremblingly carried the small linen bag and opened it immediately.
Inspection? of course.
Rurik subconsciously stretched out his little finger and touched a bit of this strange crystal, and gently touched the tip of his tongue. The extreme bitterness instantly made his scalp numb, and his whole person shuddered.
"how do you feel?"
"That's the taste." Rurik said excitedly.
Bona looked puzzled, "This is another key to making soap. Do you think it is... delicious? Obviously very bitter."
"I need it because of the bitterness."
Rurik happily got the package of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate mixed crystals, and regardless of whether it was a standard one pound or not, he gave ten silver coins to Bona.
In the morning, train the children normally. This time, Rurik ordered them to bring their wooden bowls.
The fish is in the pot, and the cooked meat is picked up one after another. The situation today is exactly the same as yesterday. The children used their own bowls to fill the meat, and then directly picked up the fish with their hands, feasting like a hungry wolf.
They will get more nutrition than others, and their physical fitness will be improved. Of course, this improvement is still not enough in Rurik's view.
Although they are children, if they have training every morning, their physical energy consumption throughout the day may have two thousand calories.
Even if they are children.
They stopped eating the meat and walked back to their homes one after another.
Rurik stayed in the "large meat-eating scene" with his waist pinched, with Kanuf and Fisk still beside him.
He patted his pocket on his waist, "Let's go, follow me to the blacksmith's shop, I hope Clavasson succeeds."
Rurik believed in the level of that old guy. After all, he was someone who thought that metallurgy and gem setting could be well mastered.
As expected, Rurik carefully saw that Kravasson had really built the so-called "simple manual punching machine" according to the leak-picking drawings he provided.
This machine is placed in a blacksmith's shop that is ventilated on both sides. Because it has been completed, Kravasson will continue to do the carburizing and ironing work of his sword embryo.
Rurik finally came. This time Klavasen, who was desperate to show his achievements, not only stopped working, but immediately eagerly introduced his achievements.
It turned out that this senior blacksmith thought he was a very professional copper smelting master.
Just like pouring a bronze axe, Kravassen used mud mold pouring technology to make two necessary components.
The blacksmith's small stove can reach a high temperature of one thousand degrees with the help of a bladder blower.
Tin and lead are added to the bronze, making the melting point of the alloy low enough.
It is precisely because there is still a need to smelt bronzes that Klavasen dare to say that he has a large amount of lead on hand.
Two shiny bronzes can withstand at least one thousand degrees of high temperature, they are the core molds for pressing glassware.
The bronze ware with a groove on the lower end is a container, a bronze mortar. The short and thick bronze rod above, which is processed to be close to a cylinder, is the "punch" for pressing.
Although Kravasson is not particularly aware of the principle of leverage, he already knows the magical effect of leverage. After all, a crowbar is necessary to push the newly built ship into the sea.
He machined some wooden poles, and the lever connection was made of iron nails as bolts. He made this lever system according to the drawings, so that the bronze punch can enter the bronze mortar quite vertically.
Rurik opened his eyes to admire this manual press from the ninth century.
In fact, just as far as the machinery itself is concerned, this type of machinery is not surprising at all.
In Eastern Rome, similar equipment was used in the operation of grape juice extraction. The equipment of this principle is also ancient. The southern part of the Frankish Kingdom has also been a grape-producing area since ancient times. The locals are either unmarried girls using ordinary feet or wooden machinery. For the only preference, the nobles still hope that when they drink wine, they think of those girls.
Hundreds of years later, the Germans used this set of machinery, as well as the engraving and printing they learned from the far East, to start the printing era in the West.
It is the technique of Rurik's technique to press glass and directly make finished glassware. Those countries that can make glassware in time and space can't afford it at all.
Because the biggest reason is their material problems.
Rurik has decided that lead should be added to the raw material so that the molten glass will begin to melt at only six hundred degrees, and quickly become as viscous as honey.
As for the toxicity of lead, Rurik also decided to ignore it strategically.
After all, lead, a heavy metal, also determines toxicity by measurement. Lead glass is indeed poisonous. It is not a serious problem if it is not used to contain acid or wine. It is only used as a drinking glass.
After checking the machinery, Rurik suddenly asked, "Maybe, we can experiment with clay."
"I've done it." Clavasson smiled and pointed at the strange muddy mound.
"Huh? Fisk, help me get the mud." Rurik ordered casually.
Because of the powerful shaping ability of clay, it was stunned into the shape of a cup.
At this moment, Rurik ridiculed: "Haha, maybe we can produce a batch of clay cups like this? Can't it be fired?"
"I mean it." Clavasson said constructively. "Clay is easy to get, but it's a little harder to get the river sand you want."
"Then I have all the materials I want?"
"Yeah, I got everything you want. Only the third thing."
Rurik patted his waist: "It's here. I didn't even expect that the machinery I asked for could still produce clay embryos."
After all, Rurik does not believe that rough technology can make glasses very thin. Besides, compared with blown glassware, the pressing manufacturing process makes the glass must have a very thick base, and even the glass wall must be very thick. thick.
Rurik couldn't help but think of the cat's claw cup he remembered. For this little cutie worth 198, he also tried his hand speed, but finally failed.
However, the pressing industry of a small local glass factory used a cat's claw mold to press out the same glass at a very low cost.
As a cup, of course high boron glass is the best. But with the current technology, Rurik feels that it is not impossible to realize it, or it still needs technology accumulation.
Rurik unwrapped his linen bag, revealed these transparent crystals, and said to Kravasson, "This is the third raw material. What about the others? I want to see it right away. Don't dare anymore, let's start right away. .I hope we can succeed at night."
"Good!" Clavasson slapped his thigh and quickly went to get the materials.
Soon, a simple wooden table Kravasson put all the materials here.
What does it have?
A pile of sun-dried crystal clear sand with some impurities from a nearby stream.
A pile of dried, whitish processed quicklime.
There is also a pool of deliberately ground lead, specifically lead oxide powder.
Rurik nodded, and finally put on a packet of potassium-rich potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate mixture.
"What should I do next?" Kravasson asked.
Rurik pointed his little hand: "Put them into your hard pottery griddle, the one you poured bronze."
"In what proportion?"
A professional question, Rurik smiled, "Listen to me now."
Is glass liquid or solid? What is its essence? This matter cannot be explained clearly even in the 21st century.
But the principle of the method to make glass easier to process is very thorough.
Microscopically, after the molten silica cools, the molecules will do their best to arrange into hexagonal crystals. The deliberate addition of various alkaline ions such as calcium, potassium, and lead can interfere with its molecular structure.
This allows the glass to melt at a very low temperature, but it can never become a pure liquid.
When it starts to cool and solidify, these impurities can't destroy its stability, and even some special substances can make the glass more transparent and clear!
The main component of glass is silicon dioxide, Rurik vaguely remembers that the so-called lead glass, the lead content in glass may be as high as 20%. As for other formulas, it is also necessary to put some, such a large amount of alkali metal combined action, and ultimately make the glass easy to melt plastic.
In this respect, Rurik has only theory, he has never made glass himself, and now he is doing a bold experiment in the blacksmith's shop in Kravassen.
At least in the entire Viking world around the Baltic Sea, no one has yet to try to make glassware.
Rurik informs Clavasson of the proportions of the formula.
"That's the ratio? Are you sure?"
"Yes." Rurik said cautiously: "You just try this. If the effect is not good, we will adjust the ratio."
"Okay. Let's start now."
Compared to Rurik's caution, Klavasen is really full of fighting spirit. Looking at the various raw materials he obtained, no matter what he thought, he didn't think it could be related to natural crystals. But Rurik just kept saying that people can make artificial crystals.
The hard pottery crucible where Kravasson smelted bronze, and the debris in it was cleaned up. Next, put all kinds of raw materials that have become sand and soil into them.
The crucible was placed in the furnace, and then he put in a large amount of dry charcoal vertically, all operations were like burning bronze water.
The noble Rülik can't do the job of operating the airbag blower, and Kravasson asked the curious Kanuf and Fisk to do the job. The two children are very happy to try fresh toys, and the huge airbag is pushed up here.
With this strong intake of air, the flame also burst out quickly.
Rurik stood tall, staring at the crucible in the furnace.
I saw that the various raw materials inside really began to melt into a shiny paste.
Not only them, the whole crucible is also glowing.
Even Yururik felt that he saw a white flame. He can estimate that the two sweating attendants under his command have helped charcoal reach the limit of its calorific value.
The reason is that Kravasson’s so-called hard pottery crucible actually contains a large amount of iron. It has become a mixture of silicon and iron and has very good heat resistance.
Cravason is always paying attention to the changes in the crucible, and now he doesn't think the material changes inside the crucible are anything special.
"Rurik, I think... the glass you said reminds me of sticky slag."
"Yes, the **** removes the debris, and we can also get it." Rurik tried his best to answer calmly.
"Really? But the **** has just cooled, and it's a pile of fragile sand. Is it because of the impurities in it?"
"Of course. Let the fire continue to burn now! Clavasson, have you really studied the atomic theories I gave you? These debris contains a lot of carbon, and we must burn them! Finally! What you get is silica."
Anyway, I have already given a set of atomic theory. Although this theory is not the truth, it is at least more reliable than people in other places relying on subjective assumptions about everything in the world.
Besides, this theory of my own is completely correct in dealing with general chemical reactions.
Clavasson can understand but understand, but he has at least fully understood one thing, for example, flame is not a substance, but a "violent reaction when a substance is recombined."
Compared to sea sand, Rülik feels that river sand is the most suitable for glass. Of course, if you can get a lot of natural crystals, break them and melt them to make glass, that would be great. The reason why the sea sand is not so good is precisely because there must be a large number of tiny shells in it, and it is troublesome to remove these debris.
The crucible is being heated all the time, so Kravasson has filled a number of new charcoals to support the continued heating.
He gently shook the crucible with the tongs, and gradually noticed that the substance, which resembled molten slag, was indeed very different from the real slag.
It is definitely not the kind of viscous molten slag, and it is not the shiny and hot "water" like bronze water.
"Rurik, don't you think this thing is like honey?!" Clavasson teased deliberately.
"Huh? It looks similar, it's the kind of warm honey. I really didn't expect it to become so runny after adding lead."
"Is it all right now? It's been a long time." Clavasson urged, "Your two followers also seem to lack the strength to press the airbags."
"Then let's start!"
Rurik held his breath, and Kanuf and Fisk stood up out of breath. The three of them watched Clavasson clamp the crucible with pliers, and walked to the "simple manual punching machine."
Isn't Clavasson doing this kind of thing for the first time?
He tilted the crucible cautiously, staring at the paste-like molten material falling freely into the bronze mortar.
"Start? Rurik?" he asked.
Rurik hurried over. He poked his head lightly, and saw that the molten material in the bronze mortar had a clear tendency to cool down rapidly. "Let's get started! Once it cools we can no longer be plastic."
"Okay." Cravason moved down the lever handle: "Ah! I touched it. There is really a force that prevents me from continuing to press it down."
"Continue pressing. Until the level I designed." Rurik urged.
"Then I will use my strength." With a dull roar, Kravasson pressed the bronze punch to the designed limit.
Rurik was surprised to see that the still reddish melt, like butter, was squeezed out abruptly along the reserved annular gap.
Seeing this, Rurik did not hesitate to drew out his steel sword.
The sharp steel sword began to cut the molten material, and Rurik suddenly felt like cutting thick and hot **** candy. He finished the circular cut against the bronze punch rod, and the unnecessary leftovers were cut off.
"What should I do next? I lift it up?" Kravasson asked, before Rurik replied, the old guy had a tendency to lift up.
Rurik hurriedly ordered a ban.
"what's happenin?"
At this moment, Rurik suddenly thought of something, and in a panic he suddenly thought of annealing. Otherwise, the cooled glass will easily collapse by itself.
"Clavason." Ruriek ordered suddenly.
"What's the order?"
"Now let go and light a pile of firewood. Um... let the firewood burn naturally. I need the hot ashes inside."
"Ashes? Okay."
Ignition is very simple, just take some charcoal from the still burning stove, you can light a firewood outdoors. When the flames started to ignite, Rülik ordered his two attendants to look after the pile of firewood.
Clavasson came back, and he asked, "Is it all right now?"
"Okay, raise the lever. I don't think there should be resistance."
Rurik estimated that as the glass shrinks, the bronze rod responsible for the stamping will not have any resistance, but it turns out to be the case.
Now, the bronze mortar is no longer a reddish molten substance, it has completed its plasticity, and Rurik is satisfied to see that it has become transparent!
Although its temperature is still more than one hundred degrees, ordinary touch, like pulling it out with tongs, will not cause it to deform or disintegrate.
Clavasson did just that, and when he used pliers to clamp the glass out, he was shocked!
"Ah?! This? It's a crystal? Rurik, we made such a crystal glass? Oh, it's even wonderful. I'm going to put it in the water and see how he fills it."
"What? You want to quench? Never!" Rurik stopped one, and Clavasson sandwiched the light brown thick-bottomed and thick-walled pressed glass and put it into the bucket. Indeed, the glass instantly cooled down. Cravason took it in his hand and saw the scary crack on it.
Rurik stomped his feet with regret. He shouted: "How can you quench? This is not for ironing, it must not be quenched. Otherwise, why do you think I let you light a campfire? I want it to cool down slowly, only That way it won't crack."
"Is there such a particularity?" Cravason played with the quilt with three cracks in his hand, and then he lightly placed it on the wooden pillar, feeling it resembling a stone texture. It was just this knock, and suddenly, it completely shattered and fell to the ground and turned into many transparent and beautiful fragments.
Rurik knelt down and picked up the debris from the ground. Although it was a pity, when observing these fragments carefully, for an instant, a sense of trance across time and space suddenly occupied Rurik's mind.
In any case, these shards are indeed glass. Although it is not completely transparent, it has a light brown color. But this kind of texture is also a kind of beauty!
Rurik was no longer angry. After all, he was poorly prepared, and he didn't even use the original annealing equipment.
"Child, don't be angry, forgive my recklessness." Clavasson's tone was obviously coaxing Rurik, as if he was really coaxing an eight-year-old.
Rurik smiled and nodded: "For our ultimate success, we always have to fail once or twice. Now we can make up for the mistakes, let us consume all the materials."
After all, Rurik carefully picked up all the pieces so as not to scratch his hands.
With the experience of failure, the next job becomes easier.
Due to the fact that Kravasson prepared a lot of materials, especially the lead, that Rurik suspected that this old guy was also engaged in the silver-to-lead business.
Work on the new pressed glassware has begun, and the old but powerful Klavasen is still the main force.
The old guy couldn’t help but ask his soul: "Rurik, I remember what you said, it’s easy to do it with lead, and people will become stupid? Since you let me put so much lead powder in the raw materials, what if we use it? Wouldn't you also become a fool?"
"No." Rurik shook his head. "There is also lead in the bronze. I saw that the high priest had used the bronze cup to drink water for so many years. She had magically lived to be seventy years old. But she was still the wisest. people."
"That's true. But as you said, lead is poisonous."
"Its toxicity is true, but just using it to hold water, the toxicity can be ignored. Besides, maybe a person is sick and died before he becomes an old fool. Anyway, we don't put lead powder. You can also, the cup is still a cup, that is, it needs you to burn for a longer time, and you have to use more pressure."
"Oh?" Cravason smiled, "Then, I would rather use more effort than you would become a fool who drinks from a glass."
"Haha? Are you worried about me? Thank you. I have already decided that the glass with lead can be sold at a lower price, just a silver coin. As for my own use, of course no lead is added. Clavason~www .novelhall.com~ I will pay you. And you blacksmiths formed a guild, you can take care of the work of making glass. Or as usual, we sign an agreement, you split into hands to make glass, let’s discuss how to earn The share of money."
"Okay! At least to make this, even if a cup sells a silver coin, it is faster than I build a steel sword. Haha, I think it is true that we are discussing the matter, you will never agree to sell a cup for just a silver coin."
"That's true." Rurik suddenly thought that in this era, glass bottles were originally used to supply luxury goods for the nobles, and they were mainly consumers.
Poor home farmer? What they need to solve most urgently is the problem of metal farming tools. Wooden cups and wooden barrels are enough.
Since the buyer's market is like this, it is indeed absurd to say "a silver coin and a cup" without thinking.
In other words, you have to cheat those big players. Ten silver coins in a cup, isn't it? As long as it's cheaper than Gould's glass bottle!
Soon, Kravassen ran out of all the raw materials, specifically, because of all the potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate that Rurik used up first.
The glassware has not yet become a real finished product, at least they have become quite transparent. They are still hot enough to blanch cooked and raw meat!
A pile of firewood gradually becomes the last embers, and its temperature is still four hundred degrees! This temperature is not enough to soften the lead glass, but this firewood is the simplest "annealing furnace" Rurik can think of.
A total of twenty glasses were buried in the ashes in the shocked eyes of Kanuf and Fisk.
Clavasson asked, "Liurik, what should I do next?"
"We wait!"
"Wait until what is appropriate?"
"When the embers are completely gone, we take out the cup so that it won't break easily."
The priests discussed what Rurik had done, and they had different opinions.Unexpectedly, the child came in person at night.After all, it was his decision. Bona greeted Rurik with a smile, and didn't intend to mention these things again."Rurik, you are here so late, something special?""Yes." Rurik looked left and right, and deliberately sniffed the air: "Now soap production looks normal."Only in this matter, Bona is particularly proud. She pinched her waist happily, "We are trying our best to buy the whale oil, whether it is the best whale brain oil or the oil from fish skin they think whales are also fish, I will try to buy it.""Or is it made at a rate of forty yuan a day?" Rurik asked."Yeah, if you have special needs, I will find a way to speed up. Maybe I still have to call those help girls again.""No need." Rurik waved his hand, he really felt that this speed was okay.In general, even if the priests personally buy processed materials and then make finished products, they can only earn 20% of the gross profit, they still think that the transaction is cost-effective.Because just for ordinary people's food and food expenses, two silver coins a month are more than enough. Besides, the priests are very special. They are a small group of people who never worry about eating.Basically, every priest can earn nearly one silver coin a day without leaving home to work. They hardly consume, and no one in the Ross tribe actively produces consumer goods. No, many priests melted silver coins to make silver bracelets and rings.A maximum of ten silver coins were paid to them every day, and only three hundred in a month.For this reason, the current Rurik's most optimistic estimate is that one thousand two hundred air-dried high-end goods can be obtained in one month.Rurik firmly believes that Gould, the big merchant who has made a lot of money, returns, and will buy them all without hesitation.He settled: "Bona, I have no opinion on your soap work. Now, I need something else.""What is it?""It's the salt-like crystals precipitated from the plant ash solution. I need it!" At this point, Rurik suddenly thought, "All you priests try to do it. I... give me a pound, and I will give you ten. silver.""Really?" Bonaben's tired face suddenly trembled."I have made a decision, I hope you can build me a pound tomorrow morning."The request was issued, and Liu Rick was not staying.She returned home soon and had to be forced to talk to her mother about those things during the day.Proud? Proud?No, Rurik was still thinking about glassware.Early in the morning, Rurik went to check the ash deposits he needed.Bona's wrinkled face seemed to be wearing sunglasses, her dark circles were amazing, and her pace became trembling even after she hadn't slept all night.To make matters worse, Bona has a strong smoky smell, and the reason is very simple. These priests burned the dead branches and leaves all night to get so many crystals."Rurik, this is what you want." Bona tremblingly carried the small linen bag and opened it immediately.Inspection? of course.Rurik subconsciously stretched out his little finger and touched a bit of this strange crystal, and gently touched the tip of his tongue. The extreme bitterness instantly made his scalp numb, and his whole person shuddered."how do you feel?""That's the taste." Rurik said excitedly.Bona looked puzzled, "This is another key to making soap. Do you think it is... delicious? Obviously very bitter.""I need it because of the bitterness."Rurik happily got the package of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate mixed crystals, and regardless of whether it was a standard one pound or not, he gave ten silver coins to Bona.In the morning, train the children normally. This time, Rurik ordered them to bring their wooden bowls.The fish is in the pot, and the cooked meat is picked up one after another. The situation today is exactly the same as yesterday. The children used their own bowls to fill the meat, and then directly picked up the fish with their hands, feasting like a hungry wolf.They will get more nutrition than others, and their physical fitness will be improved. Of course, this improvement is still not enough in Rurik's view.Although they are children, if they have training every morning, their physical energy consumption throughout the day may have two thousand calories.Even if they are children.They stopped eating the meat and walked back to their homes one after another.Rurik stayed in the "large meat-eating scene" with his waist pinched, with Kanuf and Fisk still beside him.He patted his pocket on his waist, "Let's go, follow me to the blacksmith's shop, I hope Clavasson succeeds."Rurik believed in the level of that old guy. After all, he was someone who thought that metallurgy and gem setting could be well mastered.As expected, Rurik carefully saw that Kravasson had really built the so-called "simple manual punching machine" according to the leak-picking drawings he provided.This machine is placed in a blacksmith's shop that is ventilated on both sides. Because it has been completed, Kravasson will continue to do the carburizing and ironing work of his sword embryo.Rurik finally came. This time Klavasen, who was desperate to show his achievements, not only stopped working, but immediately eagerly introduced his achievements.It turned out that this senior blacksmith thought he was a very professional copper smelting master.Just like pouring a bronze axe, Kravassen used mud mold pouring technology to make two necessary components.The blacksmith's small stove can reach a high temperature of one thousand degrees with the help of a bladder blower.Tin and lead are added to the bronze, making the melting point of the alloy low enough.It is precisely because there is still a need to smelt bronzes that Klavasen dare to say that he has a large amount of lead on hand.Two shiny bronzes can withstand at least one thousand degrees of high temperature, they are the core molds for pressing glassware.The bronze ware with a groove on the lower end is a container, a bronze mortar. The short and thick bronze rod above, which is processed to be close to a cylinder, is the "punch" for pressing.Although Kravasson is not particularly aware of the principle of leverage, he already knows the magical effect of leverage. After all, a crowbar is necessary to push the newly built ship into the sea.He machined some wooden poles, and the lever connection was made of iron nails as bolts. He made this lever system according to the drawings, so that the bronze punch can enter the bronze mortar quite vertically.Rurik opened his eyes to admire this manual press from the ninth century.In fact, just as far as the machinery itself is concerned, this type of machinery is not surprising at all.In Eastern Rome, similar equipment was used in the operation of grape juice extraction. The equipment of this principle is also ancient. The southern part of the Frankish Kingdom has also been a grape-producing area since ancient times. The locals are either unmarried girls using ordinary feet or wooden machinery. For the only preference, the nobles still hope that when they drink wine, they think of those girls.Hundreds of years later, the Germans used this set of machinery, as well as the engraving and printing they learned from the far East, to start the printing era in the West.It is the technique of Rurik's technique to press glass and directly make finished glassware. Those countries that can make glassware in time and space can't afford it at all.Because the biggest reason is their material problems.Rurik has decided that lead should be added to the raw material so that the molten glass will begin to melt at only six hundred degrees, and quickly become as viscous as honey.As for the toxicity of lead, Rurik also decided to ignore it strategically.After all, lead, a heavy metal, also determines toxicity by measurement. Lead glass is indeed poisonous. It is not a serious problem if it is not used to contain acid or wine. It is only used as a drinking glass.After checking the machinery, Rurik suddenly asked, "Maybe, we can experiment with clay.""I've done it." Clavasson smiled and pointed at the strange muddy mound."Huh? Fisk, help me get the mud." Rurik ordered casually.Because of the powerful shaping ability of clay, it was stunned into the shape of a cup.At this moment, Rurik ridiculed: "Haha, maybe we can produce a batch of clay cups like this? Can't it be fired?""I mean it." Clavasson said constructively. "Clay is easy to get, but it's a little harder to get the river sand you want.""Then I have all the materials I want?""Yeah, I got everything you want. Only the third thing."Rurik patted his waist: "It's here. I didn't even expect that the machinery I asked for could still produce clay embryos."After all, Rurik does not believe that rough technology can make glasses very thin. Besides, compared with blown glassware, the pressing manufacturing process makes the glass must have a very thick base, and even the glass wall must be very thick. thick.Rurik couldn't help but think of the cat's claw cup he remembered. For this little cutie worth 198, he also tried his hand speed, but finally failed.However, the pressing industry of a small local glass factory used a cat's claw mold to press out the same glass at a very low cost.As a cup, of course high boron glass is the best. But with the current technology, Rurik feels that it is not impossible to realize it, or it still needs technology accumulation.Rurik unwrapped his linen bag, revealed these transparent crystals, and said to Kravasson, "This is the third raw material. What about the others? I want to see it right away. Don't dare anymore, let's start right away. .I hope we can succeed at night.""Good!" Clavasson slapped his thigh and quickly went to get the materials.Soon, a simple wooden table Kravasson put all the materials here.What does it have?A pile of sun-dried crystal clear sand with some impurities from a nearby stream.A pile of dried, whitish processed quicklime.There is also a pool of deliberately ground lead, specifically lead oxide powder.Rurik nodded, and finally put on a packet of potassium-rich potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate mixture."What should I do next?" Kravasson asked.Rurik pointed his little hand: "Put them into your hard pottery griddle, the one you poured bronze.""In what proportion?"A professional question, Rurik smiled, "Listen to me now."Is glass liquid or solid? What is its essence? This matter cannot be explained clearly even in the 21st century.But the principle of the method to make glass easier to process is very thorough.Microscopically, after the molten silica cools, the molecules will do their best to arrange into hexagonal crystals. The deliberate addition of various alkaline ions such as calcium, potassium, and lead can interfere with its molecular structure.This allows the glass to melt at a very low temperature, but it can never become a pure liquid.When it starts to cool and solidify, these impurities can't destroy its stability, and even some special substances can make the glass more transparent and clear!The main component of glass is silicon dioxide, Rurik vaguely remembers that the so-called lead glass, the lead content in glass may be as high as 20%. As for other formulas, it is also necessary to put some, such a large amount of alkali metal combined action, and ultimately make the glass easy to melt plastic.In this respect, Rurik has only theory, he has never made glass himself, and now he is doing a bold experiment in the blacksmith's shop in Kravassen.At least in the entire Viking world around the Baltic Sea, no one has yet to try to make glassware.Rurik informs Clavasson of the proportions of the formula."That's the ratio? Are you sure?""Yes." Rurik said cautiously: "You just try this. If the effect is not good, we will adjust the ratio.""Okay. Let's start now."Compared to Rurik's caution, Klavasen is really full of fighting spirit. Looking at the various raw materials he obtained, no matter what he thought, he didn't think it could be related to natural crystals. But Rurik just kept saying that people can make artificial crystals.The hard pottery crucible where Kravasson smelted bronze, and the debris in it was cleaned up. Next, put all kinds of raw materials that have become sand and soil into them.The crucible was placed in the furnace, and then he put in a large amount of dry charcoal vertically, all operations were like burning bronze water.The noble Rlik can't do the job of operating the airbag blower, and Kravasson asked the curious Kanuf and Fisk to do the job. The two children are very happy to try fresh toys, and the huge airbag is pushed up here.With this strong intake of air, the flame also burst out quickly.Rurik stood tall, staring at the crucible in the furnace.I saw that the various raw materials inside really began to melt into a shiny paste.Not only them, the whole crucible is also glowing.Even Yururik felt that he saw a white flame. He can estimate that the two sweating attendants under his command have helped charcoal reach the limit of its calorific value.The reason is that Kravasson's so-called hard pottery crucible actually contains a large amount of iron. It has become a mixture of silicon and iron and has very good heat resistance.Cravason is always paying attention to the changes in the crucible, and now he doesn't think the material changes inside the crucible are anything special."Rurik, I think... the glass you said reminds me of sticky slag.""Yes, the **** removes the debris, and we can also get it." Rurik tried his best to answer calmly."Really? But the **** has just cooled, and it's a pile of fragile sand. Is it because of the impurities in it?""Of course. Let the fire continue to burn now! Clavasson, have you really studied the atomic theories I gave you? These debris contains a lot of carbon, and we must burn them! Finally! What you get is silica."Anyway, I have already given a set of atomic theory. Although this theory is not the truth, it is at least more reliable than people in other places relying on subjective assumptions about everything in the world.Besides, this theory of my own is completely correct in dealing with general chemical reactions.Clavasson can understand but understand, but he has at least fully understood one thing, for example, flame is not a substance, but a "violent reaction when a substance is recombined."Compared to sea sand, Rlik feels that river sand is the most suitable for glass. Of course, if you can get a lot of natural crystals, break them and melt them to make glass, that would be great. The reason why the sea sand is not so good is precisely because there must be a large number of tiny shells in it, and it is troublesome to remove these debris.The crucible is being heated all the time, so Kravasson has filled a number of new charcoals to support the continued heating.He gently shook the crucible with the tongs, and gradually noticed that the substance, which resembled molten slag, was indeed very different from the real slag.It is definitely not the kind of viscous molten slag, and it is not the shiny and hot "water" like bronze water."Rurik, don't you think this thing is like honey?!" Clavasson teased deliberately."Huh? It looks similar, it's the kind of warm honey. I really didn't expect it to become so runny after adding lead.""Is it all right now? It's been a long time." Clavasson urged, "Your two followers also seem to lack the strength to press the airbags.""Then let's start!"Rurik held his breath, and Kanuf and Fisk stood up out of breath. The three of them watched Clavasson clamp the crucible with pliers, and walked to the "simple manual punching machine."Isn't Clavasson doing this kind of thing for the first time?He tilted the crucible cautiously, staring at the paste-like molten material falling freely into the bronze mortar."Start? Rurik?" he asked.Rurik hurried over. He poked his head lightly, and saw that the molten material in the bronze mortar had a clear tendency to cool down rapidly. "Let's get started! Once it cools we can no longer be plastic.""Okay." Cravason moved down the lever handle: "Ah! I touched it. There is really a force that prevents me from continuing to press it down.""Continue pressing. Until the level I designed." Rurik urged."Then I will use my strength." With a dull roar, Kravasson pressed the bronze punch to the designed limit.Rurik was surprised to see that the still reddish melt, like butter, was squeezed out abruptly along the reserved annular gap.Seeing this, Rurik did not hesitate to drew out his steel sword.The sharp steel sword began to cut the molten material, and Rurik suddenly felt like cutting thick and hot **** candy. He finished the circular cut against the bronze punch rod, and the unnecessary leftovers were cut off."What should I do next? I lift it up?" Kravasson asked, before Rurik replied, the old guy had a tendency to lift up.Rurik hurriedly ordered a ban."what's happenin?"At this moment, Rurik suddenly thought of something, and in a panic he suddenly thought of annealing. Otherwise, the cooled glass will easily collapse by itself."Clavason." Ruriek ordered suddenly."What's the order?""Now let go and light a pile of firewood. Um... let the firewood burn naturally. I need the hot ashes inside.""Ashes? Okay."Ignition is very simple, just take some charcoal from the still burning stove, you can light a firewood outdoors. When the flames started to ignite, Rlik ordered his two attendants to look after the pile of firewood.Clavasson came back, and he asked, "Is it all right now?""Okay, raise the lever. I don't think there should be resistance."Rurik estimated that as the glass shrinks, the bronze rod responsible for the stamping will not have any resistance, but it turns out to be the case.Now, the bronze mortar is no longer a reddish molten substance, it has completed its plasticity, and Rurik is satisfied to see that it has become transparent!Although its temperature is still more than one hundred degrees, ordinary touch, like pulling it out with tongs, will not cause it to deform or disintegrate.Clavasson did just that, and when he used pliers to clamp the glass out, he was shocked!"Ah?! This? It's a crystal? Rurik, we made such a crystal glass? Oh, it's even wonderful. I'm going to put it in the water and see how he fills it.""What? You want to quench? Never!" Rurik stopped one, and Clavasson sandwiched the light brown thick-bottomed and thick-walled pressed glass and put it into the bucket. Indeed, the glass instantly cooled down. Cravason took it in his hand and saw the scary crack on it.Rurik stomped his feet with regret. He shouted: "How can you quench? This is not for ironing, it must not be quenched. Otherwise, why do you think I let you light a campfire? I want it to cool down slowly, only That way it won't crack.""Is there such a particularity?" Cravason played with the quilt with three cracks in his hand, and then he lightly placed it on the wooden pillar, feeling it resembling a stone texture. It was just this knock, and suddenly, it completely shattered and fell to the ground and turned into many transparent and beautiful fragments.Rurik knelt down and picked up the debris from the ground. Although it was a pity, when observing these fragments carefully, for an instant, a sense of trance across time and space suddenly occupied Rurik's mind.In any case, these shards are indeed glass. Although it is not completely transparent, it has a light brown color. But this kind of texture is also a kind of beauty!Rurik was no longer angry. After all, he was poorly prepared, and he didn't even use the original annealing equipment."Child, don't be angry, forgive my recklessness." Clavasson's tone was obviously coaxing Rurik, as if he was really coaxing an eight-year-old.Rurik smiled and nodded: "For our ultimate success, we always have to fail once or twice. Now we can make up for the mistakes, let us consume all the materials."After all, Rurik carefully picked up all the pieces so as not to scratch his hands.With the experience of failure, the next job becomes easier.Due to the fact that Kravasson prepared a lot of materials, especially the lead, that Rurik suspected that this old guy was also engaged in the silver-to-lead business.Work on the new pressed glassware has begun, and the old but powerful Klavasen is still the main force.The old guy couldn't help but ask his soul: "Rurik, I remember what you said, it's easy to do it with lead, and people will become stupid? Since you let me put so much lead powder in the raw materials, what if we use it? Wouldn't you also become a fool?""No." Rurik shook his head. "There is also lead in the bronze. I saw that the high priest had used the bronze cup to drink water for so many years. She had magically lived to be seventy years old. But she was still the wisest. people.""That's true. But as you said, lead is poisonous.""Its toxicity is true, but just using it to hold water, the toxicity can be ignored. Besides, maybe a person is sick and died before he becomes an old fool. Anyway, we don't put lead powder. You can also, the cup is still a cup, that is, it needs you to burn for a longer time, and you have to use more pressure.""Oh?" Cravason smiled, "Then, I would rather use more effort than you would become a fool who drinks from a glass.""Haha? Are you worried about me? Thank you. I have already decided that the glass with lead can be sold at a lower price, just a silver coin. As for my own use, of course no lead is added. Clavason~www .novelhall.com~ I will pay you. And you blacksmiths formed a guild, you can take care of the work of making glass. Or as usual, we sign an agreement, you split into hands to make glass, let's discuss how to earn The share of money.""Okay! At least to make this, even if a cup sells a silver coin, it is faster than I build a steel sword. Haha, I think it is true that we are discussing the matter, you will never agree to sell a cup for just a silver coin.""That's true." Rurik suddenly thought that in this era, glass bottles were originally used to supply luxury goods for the nobles, and they were mainly consumers.Poor home farmer? What they need to solve most urgently is the problem of metal farming tools. Wooden cups and wooden barrels are enough.Since the buyer's market is like this, it is indeed absurd to say "a silver coin and a cup" without thinking.In other words, you have to cheat those big players. Ten silver coins in a cup, isn't it? As long as it's cheaper than Gould's glass bottle!Soon, Kravassen ran out of all the raw materials, specifically, because of all the potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate that Rurik used up first.The glassware has not yet become a real finished product, at least they have become quite transparent. They are still hot enough to blanch cooked and raw meat!A pile of firewood gradually becomes the last embers, and its temperature is still four hundred degrees! This temperature is not enough to soften the lead glass, but this firewood is the simplest "annealing furnace" Rurik can think of.A total of twenty glasses were buried in the ashes in the shocked eyes of Kanuf and Fisk.Clavasson asked, "Liurik, what should I do next?""We wait!""Wait until what is appropriate?""When the embers are completely gone, we take out the cup so that it won't break easily."
